四囊的

Firstly, the establishment of model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques and costly interventional materials(sacculus, minikin circlip ring, endovascular electrocoagulation), it not only consumed time but also increased the resesrch expense ; Secondly, although the Massoud model is the first successful model that contain the nidus, but it is far from mimicking the high-flow fistulae frequently observed in a brain AVM; Thirdly, the rapid spontaneous thrombosis result in fistula occlusion in a short time;Fouthly, the model's natural course and the long–term patency of fistula are unclear;Currently the model is only used for the short-term research.

但Massoud模型目前存在以下主要缺点：第一，模型的建立需要复杂的神经介入技术和昂贵的介入材料(球囊、微弹簧圈、血管内电凝等)，操作费时，又大大增加了研究费用；第二，Massoud模型虽然首次具备了畸形血管团，但它远不是我们临床上常见的含有高流量动静脉瘘的脑AVM；第三，颈动静脉吻合口自发性血栓形成进而导致引流静脉闭塞的机率很高；第四，Massoud模型的长期自然过程和动静脉吻合口的长期通畅性尚不清楚，目前仅仅作为急性期模型。

Leaves spirally arranged, spreading radially, or directed forward on upper side of branchlets and spreading on lower side, each inserted on a petiolelike pulvinus, linear, straight or curved, quadrangular, broadly rhombic, or flattened in cross section, stomatal lines adaxial or on each surface, vascular bundle 1, resin canals 2, sometimes small and discontinuous. Pollen cones solitary in leaf axils, rarely terminal, ellipsoid or cylindric; pollen 2-saccate.

螺旋状排列，平展的叶光线，或在小枝和平展在下部边的上面边上向前指导，每着生于一叶柄状叶枕，线形，直或弯曲，四棱，宽棱形，或扁平的在横断面上，在叶腋，很少顶生，椭圆形的或圆筒状里的雄球花单生；花粉2囊。

Monosomic 3, monosomic 5, monosomic 10, trisomic 4 and trisomic 5 as experiment materials, their meiosis behavior of pollen mother cell, pollen characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics of anther, section observation of pollen development and the structure of embryo sac were studied, and the effects on the seed set and transmission rate were analyzed.

本文以大白菜同源四倍体小孢子培养产生的且已鉴定为3号单体、5号单体、10号单体、4号初级三体、5号初级三体的非整倍体株系及二倍体株系等为试材，对各材料的结籽率、雄配子传递率进行了统计，并对花粉母细胞减数分裂行为、花粉特性、花粉发育和胚囊结构以及花药生理生化特性等方面进行了观察研究，进而分析了其对大白菜单体n-1雄配子和三体n+1雄配子传递率的影响。

On the 14th day after yolk sac had disappeared, gonad had differentiated to ovary.

生殖腺中卵的成熟及卵巢腔的形成是「由前往后之层次」成熟，在卵黄囊消失后第四十九天的鱼苗，卵巢的发育至周边核仁期。

Aeruginosa and S. quadricauda in HAC were lager than in HA without reference to pure or mixed culter. It indicated that the growth of M. aeruginosa and S. quadricauda need HCO3(superscript -) as carbon source to balance its C:N:P ratio. Cyclotella sp. could not survive in HAC. M. aeruginosa and S.

铜绿微囊藻与四尾栅藻在HAC中纯培养和共培养的生物量K和最大增长速率r均远大于在HA中，表明这两种藻的增殖需要HCO3作为碳源平衡胞内营养平衡；小环藻不能在有HCO3的培养基中生存。

To develop standard WNV diagnostic tools, four monoclonal antibodies against WNV envelope protein domain III were produced. The isotype, the reactivity with denatured and native antigens, the affinity and specificity of antibodies have been characterized. Two MAbs (4B3 and 2F5) were used to establish an antigen capture-ELISA detection system.

为了建立有效的WNV检测方法，本研究制备了四株抗WNV囊膜蛋白第三结构域的单克隆抗体，鉴定了抗体的亚型、抗体和变性及非变性抗原结合的强度、抗原和抗体结合的亲和力常数，进行了免疫荧光分析、测定了抗原表位竞争、抗体的中和能力等，并检测了上述单抗与日本乙型脑炎病毒的交叉反应情况。

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease , one of the most common monogenetic human disorders, is characterized by the formation and progressive expansion of multiple cystic lesions, which compromise the function of normal renal parenchyma and lead to nearly 10％ of cases of end-stage renal failure in adults.

中文题名角质细胞生长因子在ADPKD肾囊肿组织中的表达及对囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖作用的研究副题名外文题名 Expression of keratinocyte growth factor in ADPKD cystic tissue and effect of proliferation on ADPKD cyst-lining epitheliar cells 论文作者刘沙勤导师梅长林朱有华教授学科专业内科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位第二军医大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数104页关键词角质细胞生长因子肾病囊肿衬里上皮细胞株肾囊肿馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R692 /1 ADPKD是人类为之付出昂贵代价的一种全身性遗传性疾病，是引起慢性肾功能衰竭的第四位病因，在临床上以肾脏满布大小不一并不断增大的囊性液泡、最终引起肾功能进行性损害为特征性的改变。

Effects of concentration of atrazine on growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Microcystis aeruginosa cultured in MA medium were studied by determining growth rate and content of chlorophyll a in laboratory.

在实验室内利用MA培养液培养，通过测定藻生长量和叶绿素a含量，研究不同浓度下的阿特拉津对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻生长的影响，并以藻细胞数表示的最大比生长率为指标，评价2种藻对阿特拉津的敏感性。

In order to disclosure the formation rule of predominant species in different nutrition conditions,three kinds of nutrition concentration were selected for the competition experiments with the common species of blue-green algae bloom Microcystis aeruginosa and the common species of green algae bloom Scenedesmus quadricauda .

为了揭示不同营养条件下，藻类优势种的形成规律，选取了3种具有代表性水体的营养盐浓度，对于蓝藻水华的常见种铜绿微囊藻和绿藻水华的常见种四尾栅藻进行了竞争实验。

Engineering geological structure classification is divided into macro-, fine-, and microstructure. Macro-structures include alluvium predominated structure, multiple-binary-rhythm structure, thick boulder and gravel structure, saccate buried valley structure and tremendous composite structure, fine structures homogeneous structure, stuffed structure, porphyro-structure, and space frame structure, microstructures cemented, semi-cemented and loose texture.

利用第四纪构造与气候环境演变控制论的观点，在成因分类的基础上，对覆盖层进行了结构工程分类，按沉积相的不同组合特点分为冲积为主的结构、多重二元韵律结构、厚层漂卵石层结构、囊状槽谷结构、巨厚复合加积结构等五种类型；按颗粒组成和结合状态，分为均匀型、充填接触型、斑状型和架空型四种细观结构；按胶结成岩状态分为胶结、半胶结和松散三种微观结构。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。