四倍的

Along with rapid development of bio-technology, artificial chromosome doubling in vitro is the efficiency approach of producing polyploidy plants. Advances on in vitro induction of autotetraploid in plants was reviewed.

随着生物技术的迅速发展，通过植物离体组织人工诱导多倍体已经成为获得多倍体植株的有效途径，本文就植物离体组织染色体加倍诱导同源四倍体的研究进展做一介绍。

The operation of these recessive genes influencing crossability with rye was similar to that of hexaploid common wheat.

通过与六倍体普通小麦相比较，结果表明四倍体小麦的可杂交性系统与六倍体小麦的可杂交性系统的作用方式是类似的。

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was established for determination of caffeic acid contents in tetraploidy taraxacum officinale and diplontic taraxacum dissectum.

本文采用四倍体药蒲公英和二倍体多裂蒲公英为材料，通过HPLC法测定并比较两种蒲公英中咖啡酸的含量，以大力推广产量高，抗逆性强，药用活性成分高的优质多倍体蒲公英新品种。

Fertilization results in triploid or tetraploid individuals.

这是由于染色体在第一次减数分裂的后期没有分离而导致了多倍的而不是单倍体的配子，受精后产生了三倍或四倍体。

In order to obtain viable tetraploids, which remains a major challenge worldwide, research on spindle organization and chromosome behavior was carried out mainly in zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri, a typical commercially important species which is being cultured in North China Sea. Immunofluorescent technique and laser scanning confocal microscopy has been developed for observation of both microtubule organization and chromosome segregation. Orcein squash method was also used for chromosome observation. A series of complicated configurations of the meiotic spindle and associated patterns of chromosome segregation, including tripolar and seperated bipolar segregation, were found in developing eggs following the inhibition of the first polar body.

为了攻克可存活四倍体人工培育技术的国际性研究难题，本研究选取了我国北方海区的典型经济贝类栉孔扇贝为主要研究对象，建立了一套免疫荧光染色和激光扫描共聚焦显微技术，结合使用染色体地衣红压片观察技术，对第一极体受抑制的受精卵的减数分裂纺锤体装配、染色体分离动态进行了研究，发现了一系列特殊的纺锤体装配及相应的染色体分离行为，包括三极分离、独立二极分离等分离类型，从亚细胞水平上阐明了四倍体形成的细胞学机理。

Tetraploid embryo can be used as a power tool on life science such as on the research of mechanism in the inchoate embryo development which regulatory the cell volume, mumber and cleavage rate. Tetraploid embryo can also be used to change the ratio of genome of parents on the progeny; More importantly we can obtain completely ES cell-derived mice through tetraploid embryos complementation and the ES mice is significance in analysis of gene function and built disease mouse modle.

在生命科学研究中，四倍体胚胎可以作为研究机体发育的有力工具，例如，用它来研究早期胎儿发育过程中调节细胞体积、数目以及分裂速率的机制，也可以用它来改变双亲基因组在子代中的分配比例；更为重要的用途是通过四倍体补偿作用获得完全由ES细胞发育而来的个体，ES小鼠的获得对基因功能的分析、疾病动物模型的建立有十分重要的意义。

"Wheats are called diploids when they have seven chromosomes, tetraploids when they have fourteen , and hexaploids when they have twenty-one."

其性细胞具有7条染色体的小麦称为二倍体；具有14条染色体的称为四倍体；具有21条的称为六倍体。

In geographical distribution, the tetraploids and the hexaploids were continuous, and overlapped with C. saluenensis and C. pitardii.

四倍体与六倍体类型地理分布是连续的，并与近缘的二倍体种怒江山茶、西南山茶重叠分布。

Specific bands of D genomes and AB genome in four diploids, four tetraploids and four hexaploids, respectively, could be also amplified by means of M70/E5 1 and M711E5 1 primer combinations screened from twenty pairs of AFLP primer combination for test.

对二倍体、四倍体和六倍体小麦各4个材料的DNA进行AFLP扩增，从20对引物组合中筛选出M70/E51和M71/E51两个引物组合能扩增出D染色体组或AB染色体组的特异性带。

This speed is same time world average economical speed-up 3 times, is developing nation two times,is developed country four times.

这个速度是同期世界平均经济增速的3倍，是发展中国家的两倍，是发达国家的四倍。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。