四倍体的

It is speculated that most of the multiple pengze crucian carp are tetraploid, their chromosomes consist of the whole maternal chromo some set and a haploid paternal chromosome set, they belong to the filial generation from ovum of female parent pengze crucian carp which inserts haploid genome of agnate.

推测多数复合鲫个体为复合四倍体异育彭泽鲫，其染色体组包含母本彭泽鲫的全套染色体和父本单倍染色体组所产生的子代，少数个体可能为非整倍体。

Their morphological and cytological characteristics were observed and identified, comparing with original autotetraploid watermelon.

2001年和2002年在四倍体西瓜品种790010、日み66、91E7和770007中各发现1份类似二倍体西瓜的种子，对这4份突变体进行了形态学和细胞学的观察和鉴定。

The autotetraploid plants were obtained by identifying the characteristics of morphology, cytology, agronomy,and nutrition quality.

采用不同质量浓度的秋水仙素处理子叶期二倍体萝卜茎尖生长点，通过对突变株进行形态学、细胞学、农艺学及营养品质鉴定，获得同源四倍体。

In the crosses of the autotetraploidy rices used as the females, some seeds could be got, but more seeds were obtained in these crosses by the special treatment that the DH solution was put into the caryopses before the pollination.

在以同源四倍体水稻为杂交母本的杂交组合中，可以获得一些实粒种子，但是，如果在授粉前利用DH溶液对同源四倍体水稻的去雄颖花进行处理后再授狼尾草的花粉粒则能获得更多的实粒种子。

In crossing of the 8 autotetraploidy rices (Oryza sativa, 2n=4x=48), APIV(4), IR36(4), Zixuedao(4), Ce 64(4), Minghui 63(4), IR28(4), Ce 90(4) and Gui 99(4) used as the females, with Pennisetum alopecuroides (2n=2x=18) used as the males, the seeds were obtained, but no seed was got in the crosses of the 3 diploidy rices (Oryza sativa, 2n=2x=24), APIV(2), Ce 90(2) and Zixuedao(2) used as the females, with Pennisetum alopecuroides.

利用APIV(4)、IR36(4)、紫血稻(4)、测64(4)、明恢63(4)、IR28(4)、测90(4)和桂99(4)等8个同源四倍体水稻(Oryza sativa， 2n=4x=48)为杂交母本，以狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides， 2n=2x=18)为杂交父本进行杂交，获得了实粒种子。但是，在以APIV(2)、测90(2)和紫血稻(2)这3个二倍体水稻(Oryza sativa， 2n=2x=24)为杂交母本，以狼尾草为杂交父本的杂交组合中却没有获得实粒种子。

To establish the efficient in vitro regeneration system and polyploidy induction system, the effects of hormones in media on shoot regeneration from leaves of plants and the suitable methods of tetraploid induction were studied.

为建立寒富苹果高效的离体再生体系和多倍体诱导体系，以试管苗叶片为外植体，研究了培养基中激素对寒富叶片再生芽的影响及适宜的四倍体诱导方法。

If such gametophytes produce fertile gametes, the resulting sporophyte is then tetraploid, and large polyploid series may subsequently be developed.

如果这种配子体能够产生可育的配子，那么形成的孢子体通常是四倍体，这样就可以得到大量的多倍体。

Vitrification, chlorosis, scale-shaped differentiation and failure to root of regenerated shoots frequently occur in industrialized production of tetraploid watermelon Citrullus vulgaris L.

西瓜四倍体工厂化生产中存在试管苗玻璃化、黄化死亡、鳞片状分化、不生根等不利问题，在MS中NH4NO3 含量减半的情况下，前两者可得到有效的控制；用连续增殖、连续壮苗的方法，解决了西瓜四倍体鳞片状分化的难题；用茎尖扩繁的最佳培养基为MS(含半量NH4NO3 )+2 。

Tetraploid embryo can be used as a power tool on life science such as on the research of mechanism in the inchoate embryo development which regulatory the cell volume, mumber and cleavage rate. Tetraploid embryo can also be used to change the ratio of genome of parents on the progeny; More importantly we can obtain completely ES cell-derived mice through tetraploid embryos complementation and the ES mice is significance in analysis of gene function and built disease mouse modle.

在生命科学研究中，四倍体胚胎可以作为研究机体发育的有力工具，例如，用它来研究早期胎儿发育过程中调节细胞体积、数目以及分裂速率的机制，也可以用它来改变双亲基因组在子代中的分配比例；更为重要的用途是通过四倍体补偿作用获得完全由ES细胞发育而来的个体，ES小鼠的获得对基因功能的分析、疾病动物模型的建立有十分重要的意义。

In grain-filling stage, the qP values of evolutionary wheats decreased under water stress, while Shan253 and Changwu134 hadn't decreased, indicated that the effect of water stress on the re-oxidation in Q-A of modern wheat was slight, while before this stage, the electron transport from PSⅡto QA restrained by water stress was main factor of photosynthesis non-stomata limitation to modern wheat; The qNP values of hexaploid were higher than diploid and tetraploid wheat, indicated that the ability of using light energy

随小麦由二倍体向四倍体、六倍体及现代小麦进化，表观电子传递速率有增大趋势，其受水分胁迫影响的程度在花前期有加剧趋势，花前期栽培一粒、栽培二粒、普通小麦、陕253和长武134这五种小麦在水分胁迫下表观量子产额的降幅分别为5%、7.47%、14.29%、33.3%和53.49%，光饱和Pn的降幅分别为8.8%、26.14%、23.25%、44.22%和51.29%，光饱和点整体上也是下降的，且这三个指标的降幅随进化程度提高有增大趋势，表明小麦在进化过程中能量转换系统受水分胁迫影响的程度加剧；而在水分胁迫下，小麦的羧化效率和RuBP再生速率也均下降，下降的程

And if officials on the take are not parroting the opinions of these companies, what can we suppose the money they receive is for?

如果受贿的官员不鹦鹉学舌般地复述这些公司的看法，那他们所接受的钱又能用于什么目的呢？

Love them, and love you too, Pitcher.

爱他们，也爱你，投手。