四体的

F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish containing"all-fish"transgene——pCAgcGHc was obtained respectively by inbreeding and gynogenesis. Positive rate of pCAgcGHc detected by PCR was 90％ in F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by inbreeding, while most F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by gynogenesis showed diploidy measured by flow cytometer. The results above imply that developing the pure line of transgenic allotetraploid fish through inbreeding is feasible, but the operation should be modified if gynogenesis is introduced.

采用近交和雌核发育方法培育出转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓代，通过PCR检测，外源基因pCAgcGHc在近交转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓中的整合率为90％，而流式细胞技术检测雌核发育转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓的倍性多为二倍体，说明通过近交筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系的方法是可行的，但是通过雌核发育来筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系还要就方法上进一步的改进。

The first one and the eleventh one are concentrate to the tensibility of finger, the second one is famous of it"s fingering technique which is the typical fingering of Chopin, the third and six one are experience the layer of mufti voice parts, the fourth one is keenness which carries on by its speed and music the alone difficulty , the fifth one is the"black keyetude , harmonic innovate are visibly reflected at the seventh, the tenth and the eleventh one, humorousness is performance in the bass field in the eighth one, the ninth and the twelfth one are training stretching and running technique of left hand.

第一首与第十一首是针对手指的伸张技术；第二首是赋予了肖邦典型技术特征的指法；第三首与第六首是多声部织体的演奏；第四首是以其速度和音乐进行的尖锐性而独具难度；第五首是"黑键"练习曲；和声的创新手法在第七、第十以及第十一首里都有明显地体现；第八首最大的特点在于它用左手在低音区表现出谐谑式的旋律；第九首与第十二首在单纯手指技术上是分别训练左手的伸张及快速均匀的跑动。

The results showed that the number of chromosome, which was from the cultured seedlings of meristem tip and the rank seedlings of meristem tip, was not altered, both the number were 2n=16,the hereditary stability of callus and regeneration plant was poor; and the variation percentage of chromosome in callus was 43.4%, among which haploid accounted for 6.7%, triploid accounted for 2.5%,tetraploid accounted for 10%,pentaploid accounted for 4.2%,hexaploid accounted for 3.3%,septuploid accounted for 4.2%,octoploid accounted for 3.3%,dysploid accounted for 9.2%;the chromosome variation percentage of differentiation seedlings derived from callus was11.7%,among which haploid was 6.7%,triploid accounted for 1.7%,tetraploid was 3.3%.

结果表明，茎尖分生组织培养的幼苗及丛生苗遗传稳定，其染色体未发生倍性变异，均为2n=16；愈伤组织及其再生苗遗传稳定性较差，愈伤组织染色体数变异率为43.4%，其中单倍体占6.7%、三倍体占2.5%、四倍体占10%、五倍体占4.2%、六倍体占3.3%、七倍体占4.2%、八倍体占3.3%、非整倍体占9.2%；愈伤组织分化苗染色体变异率为11.7%，其中单倍体占6.7%，三倍体占1.7%，四倍体占3.3%。

Results showed that the PMC meiosis of autotetraploid was similar to the diploid except some particularities. In metaphase Ⅰ, multivalent, quadrivalent, trivalent, bivalent and univalent were observed and some of the chromosomes were found not to rank on the metaphase plate and so did in metaphase Ⅱ cells. In anaphase Ⅰ and anaphase Ⅱ cells, there were lagging chromosomes, chromosome bridge and fragment. During anaphase Ⅱ and telophase Ⅱ, chromosome segregation was not synchronous or equal. At tetrad stage, dyad, triad, tetrad with micronucleus and polyad appeared.

结果表明，同源四倍体花粉母细胞减数分裂过程与二倍体相比，中期Ⅰ染色体构型复杂，有多价体、四价体、三价体、二价体和单价体；中期Ⅰ及中期Ⅱ有部分染色体没有排列在赤道板上；后期Ⅰ及后期Ⅱ出现落后染色体、染色体桥及断片；后期Ⅱ和末期Ⅱ有染色体不同步分离及不等分裂的现象；四分体时期还出现二分体、三分体、含微核的异常四分体及多分体。

Since F3, the tetraploidy was maintained from one generation to another and to date FH allotetraploid hybrids were producedF:!

四倍体鱼不但兼有父母本的扩增带，而且也有变异，为四倍体鱼是异源四倍体而不是同源四倍体提供了分子生物学证据。

The paper focuses on the tetraploidy black locust on Loess plaeatu of West Shanxi province, applys steady state promoter method and image processing technology to study the days transpiration water consumption in different weather ,different seasons and different site conditions,has primary analysis on the impact of environment on the transpiration and carries on the calculation to the tetraploidy locust tree by the single leaf water consumption to the single tree water consumption in CaiJiachuan watershed; Uses fast weighing method to measure and analyze the transpiration water consumption of five different herbs under the tetraploidy black locust forest (Capillary Wormwood,Vanilla,Agropyron Sristatum , Common Sowthistle and Medicago Sativa) in short time, in the same and different growcrop,and calculates the average transpiration water consumption per square metres ;the soil colome weighing method was used for determining diumal variation quantity of soil moisture evaporation, analyzing the dynamic variation and caculating the total quantity of soil evaporation water consumption from May to August ; then 5 kind of suppositions about the types of surface vegetation coverage are proposed in experimented site and the total evapotranspiration water consumption are calculated under 5 suppoitions ,aim at providing preliminary theoretic basis for ascertaining the transpiration water consumption of tetraploidy black locust forest,controling standing forest density and optimizing the forest grass deploy on loess plaeatu of west Shanxi province .

本文以两种不同立地条件下的四倍体刺槐林为研究对象，采用了气孔计法对蔡家川流域生长季内不同天气状况下(典型晴天、阴天和半阴天)四倍体刺槐日蒸腾耗水规律、不同季节(生长季初期、中期和末期)的蒸腾耗水规律、两种不同立地条件下四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水比较以及影响四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水的环境因子进行初步研究分析，并对四倍体刺槐由单叶耗水量向单株耗水量进行推算；采用经典快速连续称重法对四倍体刺槐林地生长的主要5种草本植物(白蒿、香青兰、冰草、苦苣和苜蓿)短时段内蒸腾耗水规律、不同生长季内蒸腾耗水规律、同一生长季不同种类草本植物蒸腾耗水量进行了比较分析，并且采用面积与重量比的方法推算出了单位面积四倍体刺槐林地几种主要草本植物平均蒸腾耗水量：采用土柱称重法测定了5月份～8月份土壤水分蒸发昼夜变化量、对试验期内土壤蒸发量动态变化作了分析、推算出了试验地5月份～8月份土壤蒸发耗水总量；对试验地地表植被覆盖类型提出了5种假设，推算出5种假设的情景下蒸散耗水总量，旨在为晋西黄土区四倍体刺槐林蒸腾耗水量的确定、林分密度调控以及林草优化配置等提供初步的理论依据。

Biopolymer active center elements are the composition of the alimental organism and the primary inherent cause of catalysis and activation, their ingestion, accumulation, transportation and distribution have relation to the biological function of the organism, so we can predict the characteristics of the elemental distribution by the fourth statistical mechanics founded by Professor Jin and further study the biological function of the organism with diet therapy effect.

由于生物高分子活性中心元素是生物营养体的组成成分与催化激活的主要内在原因，其摄入，积累，运送与分布都与生物体的生物功能密切相关，所以可以通过金日光教授提出的第四统计力学——群子统计理论来考察其分布规律，进而考察、评价食疗型生物体的生物功能，从而为研究生物体的营养、药物功能提供新的理论依据，为诠释中国传统食疗学的相关理论打开新的思路。

This review focuses on the development and means of the modification of polymeric gene vector making them have multi-function—the ability to maintain stability outside of cell、the ability of cell entrance、the ability of endosome escape and the ability of nuclear membrane traversing, at last, we highlight the main challenges that remain and the future direction of polymeric vectors research.

本文在分析基因治疗过程的基础上，详述了基因载体应具有的四种基本功能——在细胞外保持稳定的功能、进入细胞的功能、逃离溶酶体的功能、进入细胞核的功能，并详细介绍了有关基因载体功能化修饰的方法和目前国际上的进展情况，最后本文总结了高聚物载体目前存在的主要问题及未来的发展方向。

Work 工作:(1) feasible process development for high-pure tetraalkyphosphonium salt as catalysts for polymerizations, potential sale 2-4 million us$;(2) simple and feasible preparation process for phosphonium salt as ionic liquids, biocides and phase transfer catalysts;(3) new and industrially feasible processes for highly sterically hindered alkylphosphines as catalyst ligands, these include tricyclohexyl-phosphine, phosphorinanes and dsmphos2,3- bis(9-phosphabicyclononylbutane;(4) sterically hindered dialkylphosphinic acid as new generation of co/ni extractant;(5) alkylphosphonium wittig reagents and the wittig reactions with them;(6) exploration of the application of borane chemistry in the synthesis of highly sterocally hindered organophosphines;(7) customer preparation of samples of a variety of organophosphorus compounds for customers all over the world.

用作高分子聚合反应催化剂的高纯度四烷基瞵盐的实用生产流程。产品销售前景 2-4 百万美元；(2)用作离子化液体，杀菌剂和相转移催化剂的烷基瞵盐的简单实用合成方法；(3)高位阻烷基磷化氢催化剂配体的工业实用合成路线的研究，这包括，三环己烷基磷， phosphorinanes 和 dsmphos 2，3-bis(9-phosphabicyclononylbutane ；(4)高位阻二烷基膦酸金属萃取剂的工业实用合成路线的研究；(5)烷基膦 wittig 反应试剂的研究；(6)硼化学在高位阻烷基磷化氢合成中的应用；(7)为世界各地提供顾客合成服务。

The first one and the eleventh one are concentrate to the tensibility of finger, the second one is famous of it"s fingering technique which is the typical fingering of Chopin, the third and six one are experience the layer of mufti voice parts, the fourth one is keenness which carries on by its speed and music the alone difficulty , the fifth one is the"black keyetude , harmonic innovate are visibly reflected at the seventh, the tenth and the eleventh one, humorousness is performance in the bass field in the eighth one, the ninth and the twelfth one are training stretching and running technique of left hand.

第一首与第十一首是针对手指的伸张技术；第二首是赋予了肖邦典型技术特征的指法；第三首与第六首是多声部织体的演奏；第四首是以其速度和音乐进行的尖锐性而独具难度；第五首是&黑键&练习曲；和声的创新手法在第七、第十以及第十一首里都有明显地体现；第八首最大的特点在于它用左手在低音区表现出谐谑式的旋律；第九首与第十二首在单纯手指技术上是分别训练左手的伸张及快速均匀的跑动。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。