囊胚的

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cyto-plasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methy-lation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribu-tion of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastcysts fellowed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro.After fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos was very high as well as two-cell diploid embryos in vivo.Then the embryos was rapiddly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus fused completely.After that, the DNA methylation levels of fused embryos were gradually increased until the blastocysts stage.However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation was established in an vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than in the trophectoderm, in most vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在囊胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

The snail was found to have an indirect developmental type in the early development. The fertilized eggs were oval-shaped and discoidal cleavage. Embryonic development stages were divided into cleavage, blastula, gastrulae, trochophore, and intra-membrane veliger. Larval development stages included veliger, late veliger and crawling larvae metamorphosed to juvenile.

结果表明：黄口荔枝螺卵囊高度平均为7.33 mm，卵粒数量平均为165粒；黄口荔枝螺的早期发育属间接发生型，受精卵呈椭圆形，卵裂为盘状卵裂；在卵囊内，胚胎发育包括卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚、膜内担轮幼虫、膜内面盘幼虫；幼虫发育包括面盘幼虫、后期面盘幼虫和匍匐幼虫。

The results of three eggapparatus and two egg apparatus cause the fact that the frequency of twin is higherthan that of triple embryos.

三卵卵器结构胚囊"和"二卵卵器结构胚囊"的受精情况造成了APⅣ的2胚频率远高于3胚的。"

Toreniafournieri. has a naked embryo sac that protrudes from the micropyle into the cavity between the funiculus and placenta. As embryo sac is mature, the egg cell, the two synergids and about half the central cell are located outside the micropyle.

蓝猪耳在其发育的四核期，胚囊从珠孔端伸出，当胚囊完全成熟时，助细胞、卵细胞和大部分中央细胞均暴露于胚珠组织之外，是研究被子植物受精和胚囊发育的模式植物。

There are significantly differences on H_2O_2 levels between embryos in vivo and cultured in vitro on the early 2-cell stage and late 2-cell stage, but there are no significantly differences among embryos those on the 4-cell stage, morula and blastula using SPSS statistics software.

我们测量的结果是体内2-细胞早期、2-细胞晚期、4-细胞期、桑椹胚、囊胚胚胎的EB荧光密度分别是52.92，50.77，48.84，39.96和30.36；体外2-细胞早期、2-细胞晚期、4-细胞期、桑椹胚、囊胚胚胎的EB荧光密度分别是74.85，82.62，82.98，81.28和54.09。

The fusion rate and blastocyst rate of intra-species SCNT embryos was 78.67 (557/708); 56.29%(264/469), that of sub-species or inter-species SCNT embryos were: boer goat 78.18%(541/692); 33.90%(40/118), bovine 70.53%(146/207); 22.52%(25/111), tahr 53.51%(61/114); 5.26%(3/570), panda 79.82%(1159/1452); 8.35%(75/898) and human 68.76%(317/461); 5.41%(16/296), respectively.

种内体细胞核移植胚的融合率和囊胚发育率分别为78.67%(557/708)和56.29%(264/469)；亚种间或种间体细胞核移植胚的融合率和囊胚发育率分别为：波尔山羊78.18%(541/692)、33.90%(40/118)，牛70.53%(146/207)、22.52%(25/111)，塔尔羊53.51%(61/114)、5.26%(3/570)，熊猫79.82%(1159/1452)、8.35%(75/898)，人68.76%(317/461)、5.41%(16/296)。

Then we compared cleavage rate and blastocyst rate among different groups. After that we evaluated the quality of blastocysts by using ICM/TE (Inner cell mass/Trophectoderm cells) ratio via staining with propidium iodide and Hoechest333258, and analyzed the level of genome methylation and histone acetylation by immunofluorescence.

比较各组受精卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率；并应用碘化丙啶和Hoechest333258对囊胚进行染色，利用ICM/TE值评价各组胚胎体外发育的质量；同时将囊胚进行免疫荧光染色，观察其基因组甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化的水平。

This experiment object was 1-cell embryo of KUNMING mouse , ROS was added in different developmental phases through basal medium with CZB medium, cultured to morulae, early blastula, blastula and the hatching of blastula, observed the change of cell number and cleavage index of embryo.

本试验以昆明小鼠1-细胞期胚胎为实验对象，以CZB培养液为基础液在不同发育阶段添加外源性ROS，培养至桑椹胚、早期囊胚、囊胚、扩张囊胚阶段，分别观察胚胎的胚细胞数、分裂指数的变化。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。