囊孢子

Due to effect of temperature, the differentiation of clinandrium began when bud were about 1.6-2 mm, after then all buds differentiated clinandriums, and one anther could differentiate to 1 ~ 4 clinandriums in which there were microspores which in stage from tetrad to mature pollen grains.

由于温度的影响，1.6～2mm大小的花蕾开始出现花粉囊的分化，以后各大小的蕾都分化了个数不等的花粉囊，一个花药可分化出1～4个花粉囊，可见到自四分体到成熟花粉粒的各阶段小孢子。

Therefore,the author concluded that the cryptosporidia on the surfaceof respiratory tract,cloaca and BF belonged to Cryptosporidium baileyi.

据此，作者认为：寄生于鸡、鸭、鹅呼吸道、泄殖腔及法氏囊的隐孢子虫均属于贝氏隐孢子虫。

Strains could inhibit conidium germination, 5 strains made the pathogen grow vegetably and 9 strains inhibited its tube growth.M.grisea produce several swollen cells on the sites of the appressorium differentation and lost the ability to infect onion epidermis treated with the culture supernatant of h23 strain.

结果如下：获得21株对稻瘟病菌附着胞形成具有拮抗作用细菌菌株，其中3株诱导孢子在附着胞分化位点产生囊状物；其中4株抑制孢子萌发；5株使孢子呈营养生长；9株抑制芽管生长。

In the late of April of the second year, male inflorescences unbound and pollinated. When female inflorescences accepted the pollen grains, ovary development was increased in early May. With the development of either of the two ovule, funiculus, integument and nucellus were differentiated. Embryo sac mother cell came into being and the meiosis begins. Then fuctional megaspore developed into matured embryo sac that contain eight nucleuses. In the end of May, double fertilization generated.

次年，4月下旬，雄花序解螺旋散粉，雌花序开花授粉；5月上旬，雌花序授粉后，迅速增长，子房膨大，两个胚珠分化出珠柄、珠被和珠心，珠心中产生孢原细胞；5月中下旬，大孢子母细胞形成并减数分裂，功能性大孢子形成成熟的八核胚囊；5月底，发生双受精。

Female gametogenesis in higher plants undergoes various developmental changes, including the de novo formation of germline cells, the differentiation of the megaspore mother cell, meiosis, megaspore selection, and the development of the embryosac.

高等植物雌配子体的形成涉及孢原细胞和大孢子母细胞的确立与分化、大孢子发生、功能大孢子以及胚囊的形成和发育等多种复杂调控过程。随着当代生物技术及功能基因组学的发展，近年对雌配子体发育的研究已从细胞学描述逐渐过渡到对基因和发育调控分子机理的探索。

Although the megagametophyte formed and even the double fertilization had been finished 70 days after pollination at normal temperature, the megasporogenesis had not yet been finished at low temperature.

低温(12-18℃)处理的蝴蝶兰，授粉50d开始分化胚珠原基、60 d胚囊处于大孢子母细胞时期，比常温(20-25℃)下的推迟10-15 d；授粉70 d，常温下的蝴蝶兰植株已完成雌配子体发育和双受精，而低温处理的蝴蝶兰仍未完成大孢子的发生过程。

The megaspore tetrad is linear. The chalazal megaspore develops into an embryo sac of the polygonum type.

大孢子四分体线形排列，合点端大孢子为功能大孢子，胚囊发育为蓼型。

The megaspore mother cell is located at the 3rd or 4th layer of cells in the nucellus top end. It divides transversally to form a linear megaspore tetrad, and the megaspore at the chalazal end develops into the embryo sac mother cell.

大孢子母细胞位在珠心顶表皮下第三或四层细胞处，经横分裂后产生一直线形的大孢子四分体，其中位居合点端的大孢子发育成胚囊母细胞。

From 94 soil samples and 9 bark samples in these areas, 259 Myxobacteria strains were isolated and 140 strains of them were purified. These 259 Myxobacteria strains were primarily identified in genus or species level by their fruiting bodies, myxospores and vegetative cells on the base of Sergey's manual of determinative bacteriology and they belonged to 9 genera(Myxococcus, Corallococcm. Angiococcus. Archangium, Cystobacter. Stigmatella . Hapoangium. Nannocystis. Polyangium) of Myxococcales.

根据菌株的特征性子实体形态和其营养细胞、粘孢子形态，以《Bergey's manualof determinative bacteriology》第九版为依据，将分离纯化出的菌株初步鉴定到属，这259株粘细菌菌株经过初步的分类鉴定，分属于9个属，即粘球菌属139株、珊瑚球菌属20株、囊球菌属18株、原囊菌属21株、孢囊杆菌属5株、标桩菌属36株、单囊菌属9株、小囊菌属3株，和多囊菌属8株。

The results showed that among the 3 NO donors,only GSNO had significant effects on the percentage of sporulated oocysts,theinhibiting rate of purified sporulated oocysts was 93% to 97%,and reached 100% onthe oocysts in the faces of chicken with E.tenella infection.GSNO also significantlydecreased virulence of E.tenella oocysts;and the oocysts treated by 2～8 mmol/LGSNO almost lost their pathogenicity to chickens.

试验结果表明，在以上3种NO供体中，只有GSNO对卵囊的孢子化率有明显的抑制作用，其对纯化卵囊的抑制率为93％～97％，对粪便中卵囊的抑制率可达100％；GSNO还能明显抑制E.tenella卵囊的毒力，经2～8mmol/L浓度GSNO处理的卵囊几乎丧失了对雏鸡的致病力。

The objective is to subjugate and discourage the people, because that allows the elite to continue to rule unopposed.

其目的是压制和打击人民的积极性，因为这可以让实权派继续统治不会沦为反对派。

GOD,this is the second time you vanquished me!

天啊，这是第二次你打败了我！