囊孢子

The sporulated oocyst holds 2 sporocysts and each sporocyst contains 2 sporozoites,i.e.each oocyst contains a total of 4 sporozoites.

新排出的未孢子化卵囊培养后可观察到孢子化的卵囊，内含2个孢子囊，每个孢子囊内含有2个折光性较强的子孢子。

KM strain mice immunosuppressed with 7. 5～10mg/L DEX in drinking water had the higher oocysts output and fewer dead than other groups.(4) There was no significant difference infection rate between groups inoculated with different number CSO and groups inoculated CSO with conserved different time. Trial were divided into control, groups of 50mg/kg /d, 100 mg/kg /d and 200 mg/kg /d dose of the drug to study the anticryptosporidial activities of nitazoxanide in an immunosuppressed mice model. The experimental results showed the treatment with 200mg/kg bw /day was significant inhibition of oocyst excretion. To detect the two cryptosporidiums strain C.

实验结果表明：C.parvum虫种能够感染上本实验所采用的BALB／c和昆明小白鼠两种小鼠，而C.andersoni没有能够感染本次实验小鼠；且从小鼠感染后的排卵囊量和小鼠的生存状态来看，采用5～6周龄的KM鼠能获得最大量的隐孢子虫卵囊，小鼠的死亡数最少；每升饮水中地塞米松量为7.5mg～10mg组比12.5mg以上组小鼠死亡数量少，比5mg／L以下组排卵囊数量多；接种不同卵囊数和卵囊的保存时间这两个参数均对小鼠受感染后的排卵囊情况影响不大。

Lysis solutions from imported and domestic genomic DNA purification kits,and 2% Trition X-100 and 5%guanidinium isothiocyanate were added into the oocysts,followed by different combining forms of freeze-thawing,proteinase K and sonication.Real-time PCR was used to determine the copies of Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene.HCT-8 cells were infected by C.andersoni oocysts.Real-time PCR was used to determine the enhancement effect of fetal calf serum,glucose,ascorbic acid,folic acid,calcium pantothenate and insulin while added into RPMI-1640 medium.

在隐孢子虫卵囊悬液中分别加入进口试剂盒和国产试剂盒的裂解液以及2%Triton X-100和5%异硫氰酸胍，辅以不同组合方式使用的冻融法、蛋白酶K法和声裂法裂解卵囊，通过Real-time PCR法测定裂解产物中隐孢子虫卵囊囊壁蛋白(Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein，COWP)基因拷贝数。

The additional supplements including glucose,ascorbic acid and insulin had the enhancement effects on C.andersoni development,while folic acid had no significantly effect on C. andersoni development and calcium pantothenate had inhibited effect.When added 50 mmol/L glucose,50μg/ml ascorbic acid,0.3 U/ml insulin into 10%FCS RPMI-1640 medium,the proliferation of C.andersoni had a great significantly increase,and the gene copies of C.andersoni were 8-fold compared with that in 10%FCS RPMI-1640 medium.

冻融法+蛋白酶K法+声裂法提纯隐孢子虫卵囊DNA效果最佳，其次为冻融法+声裂法和蛋白酶K法+声裂法，冻融法+蛋白酶K法效果最差。10%FCS是培养安氏隐孢子虫的最佳FCS浓度，葡萄糖、维生素C和胰岛素都具有促安氏隐孢子虫增殖作用，泛酸钙无促虫体增殖效果，而叶酸则抑制虫体增殖。10%FCS RPMI-1640培养液中加入50 mmol/L葡萄糖，50μg/ml维生素C和0.3 U/ml胰岛素促安氏隐孢子虫增殖效果最显著，虫体增殖8倍。

To understand the degeneration of unfertilized aposporous embryo sac in an aposporous species Pennisetum squamulatum, the central cell in the unfertilized embryo sac was characterized ultrastructurally.

为理解植物无孢子生殖胚囊未受精条件下的退化，对无孢子生殖植物非洲狼尾草未受精成熟胚囊中央细胞退化做了细胞形态学研究。

In filicophytes, there was a relatively high ratio of VA mycotrophy in the eusporangiates, and there was no autotrophic in the eusporangiates; but the ratio of autotrophic was up to 71%, and the ratioes of VA mycotrophic and facultative mycotrophic were low, 15% and 14% respectively in the leptosporangiates.

用碱解离、酸性品红染色法对云南热带、亚热带自然生长和部分移栽到温室中的256种（拟蕨类植物20种，真蕨类植物236种）蕨类植物孢子体的VA菌根状况进行了调查研究，结果发现，在拟蕨类植物中，孢子体只存在兼性VA菌根营养和自养两种菌根营养类型，两种类型，两种类型所占的比例相当；在真蕨类植物中，厚囊蕨类植物VA菌根营养的比例较高（92%），且无自养类型；而在薄囊蕨类植物中，自养型占71%，VA菌根营养和兼性菌根营养所占的比例都不高，分别是15%和14%。

Spore shells of myxosporidia are synthesized by 2-7 chitin films. There is a polar capsule at the front-end or both ends and the polar filament in capsule. The polar filament can be drawed out from the capsule hole.

粘孢子虫的孢子外壳由2—7片几丁质片合成，前端或两端有极囊，囊内有极丝，可从极囊的孔中射出。

Tenella YL attenuated strain were used to infect chickens perorally, then the abundant sporulated oocysts were collected by saturated saline floating measure. The size of the attenuated oocysts was about 19.8~21.2×15.5~16.6μm and the conformation of the strains were integral. 4 The prepatent period of E.

tenella YL减毒株孢子化卵囊经口服感染鸡，用饱和食盐水漂浮法能够收集得到球虫孢子化卵囊，杂质少，形态完整，减毒株卵囊的大小为19.8~21.2×15.5~16.6μm。

Vitelline antibody has significant dissolving and weakening effect on sparozoite, but it has no effect on the speed of sporation of E. tenella, and pathogenicity of sporulated oocysts.

tenella的子孢子具有明显的溶解和致弱作用，但对卵囊的孢子化速率和孢子化球虫卵囊的致病性没有明显影响。

Megaspore mother cells undergo meiosis, which results in the formation of 4 megaspores in a row. The chalazal-most cell develops into an 8-nuclei embryo sac after 3 rounds of mitosis. A mature embryo sac is produced after cellularization and nuclear migration.

结果表明：1大孢子母细胞经过减数分裂形成直线排列的4个大孢子，其中珠孔端的3个大孢子退化，合点端的大孢子进行3次有丝分裂，形成八核胚囊， 8个核迅速细胞化，最终发育为成熟胚囊。

The objective is to subjugate and discourage the people, because that allows the elite to continue to rule unopposed.

其目的是压制和打击人民的积极性，因为这可以让实权派继续统治不会沦为反对派。

GOD,this is the second time you vanquished me!

天啊，这是第二次你打败了我！