器

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

ABSTRACT: A Rockwell PowerFlex7000 Variable Frequency Drive is used in JiuZHou Electric medium voltage drive test bay as the converter. Because of it belong to the current source drive, it has the function of the four quadrant, it can achieve the energy feedbackmake the motor brake,also has the advanced vector control technology, so it can achieve all kinds of load test, there are no other drives can replace it in simulate motor load. PowerFlex7000 drive has ability to achieve the full load test before the drive leave factory.

摘 要：罗克韦尔PowerFlex7000变频器在九洲中压变频实验站测试系统中作为变流逆变器使用，由于本身属于电流源型变频器，具有四象限运行功能，能够实现能量的回馈和对电机的制动，先进的矢量控制技术，可以实现各种复杂多变的负载特性，在模拟电机负载方面起到了其他变频器无可替代的作用，实现了变频器出厂之前的满负荷测试。

I plant mainly produces all kinds of stainless steel products, nylon kitchen utensils, kitchen supplies, small kitchen includes bottle opener, can opener powerful, butter knives, bread knives, all kinds of melon fruit planing planing, planing lemon, ginger plane, Ichthyosis planing, fruit knife, cheese plane, sub-ballast garlic juice, and pistachios, and ice-cream spoons, fruit spoons, square shovel, backhoe leaking eggs, tablespoon, shell pasta, PIZZA CUTTER, eggbeater, a variety Kitchen shears.

我工厂主要生产各式，不锈钢制品，尼龙厨具，厨房用品，小厨具类包括开瓶器、强力开罐器、牛油刀、面包刀、各式瓜刨果刨、柠檬刨、姜丝刨、鱼鳞刨、水果刀、芝士刨、蒜子压汁器、开心果器、雪糕匙、水果匙、方铲、漏蛋铲、汤勺、意粉壳、PIZZA CUTTER、打蛋器、各式厨房剪。

The main products the company has: Hinge 、Casting Container、Locking Gear、Door Locks、Plug、Fitting Hook、Door Seal、Aluminum Profile、 Profile、Meal Hook、Fixation、Track、Cargo Bar、Support Plate、Chuck、Pull Ring、Tache、Buckle、Hook、Pulley、STTMR、Spring catch、Centeral wedge、Buffer block、Rubber lock、Euphroe 、Rope hook、Spiling、Plate、Flashboard、Mudguard、Fender、Military shelter lock、Military step-ladder、Military shelter corner casting、Guardrail、Tarpaulin、Parts for tarpaulin、Electricity Cabinet lock、Air leg、Gas springs、Rubber rolls、Solid tired wheel、Jacks and parts for tow. We also welcome special orders made according to clients' drawings or samples as well.

公司主要产品有：铰链、合页、栏板颌、侧门铰链、集装箱箱角、钢琴铰链、长排铰链、门锁、后门锁、厢式车后门锁、盒锁、工具箱锁、插销、门风钩、门阻、门搭钩、窗封条、门封条、铝型材、包角、厢式车包边、铝围框、肉钩、轨道、固定架、护板、撑杆、撑头、撑板、卡头、卧环、地板钩、拉环、搭扣、带扣、带钩、钩子、滑轮、拉紧器、卡紧器、搭锁、弹簧销、减震块、缓锁器、缓冲块、橡胶块、紧绳器、绳钩、板钩、插桩、钢压板、插板、挡泥板、挡泥罩、军用三岔锁、军用踏梯、军用方舱角件、护栏、漏水器、篷布、软篷系列配件、电柜门锁、气动杆、气弹簧、胶轮、实心轮、千斤顶等拖车配件，并可承接来样，来图加工订做产品。

Absorber is the most important component in lithium-bromide absorption refrigerator, heat transfer areas of traditional absorber are about 40 % of all the components.

吸收器是溴化锂吸收式制冷循环中最大的部件，传统吸收器换热面积占机组的40%左右，采用传热传质分离吸收器，其传热面积不到传统吸收器的30%，大大改善了吸收器的传热效果。

If heat and mass transfer separation absorber is used,its heat transfer areas is less than 30% compare to the traditional one,greatly improve absorber s heat transfer effect.

吸收器是溴化锂吸收式制冷循环中最大的部件，传统吸收器换热面积占机组的40%左右，采用传热传质分离吸收器，其传热面积不到传统吸收器的30%，大大改善了吸收器的传热效果。

Secondly, the paper is expanded from follow three aspects: the virtual design, the virtual process and the product data managementduring the developing the torque converter. Applying the key technique of concurrent engineering---design for function, design for assemblyand design for manufactureof the method of design for "X", the virtual design of the torque converter is accomplished in CATIA V5. Then the model constitution and the simulation of virtual process of the torque converter is done in CATIA V5, including the model constitution and the simulation of 5-aixe NC virtual process of the vane, the model constitution（material:PVC） of the idler pulley rapid prototypingand the virtual assembly and the motion simulation of the torque converter, etc. 3-D data exchange between various CAD systems is realized by using STEP standard. The lever of classing the character model of the torque converter is given. And the access authorization is set up and given to manage the partners' reading/writing the product data.

应用并行工程的关键技术之一——面向产品全生命周期的设计DFX中面向功能的设计DFF、面向装配的设计DFA和面向制造的设计DFM的方法，在CATIA V5中完成液力变矩器虚拟设计；在CATIA V5中对液力变矩器进行虚拟加工建模和仿真，包括液力变矩器导轮叶片五轴数控加工刀轨建模与仿真、导轮快速成型RP建模、液力变矩器虚拟装配和运动仿真等；采用STEP标准实现多CAD系统之间三维数据交换，提出液力变矩器特征模型的分级标准并对三维模型数据进行分级管理，制定相应的权限等级以规范合作厂家的产品数据管理层次。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

In the data acquisition system, CD4051 and AD574- the A/D transform, are used as hard core to receive the signal from the infra-red ray temperature sensor; the data acquisition depend on CPU; in the keyboard/ display system, a 74LS48 as the driver to drive LED works; in the warning circuit, I used two color LED and a buzzer as one unit to work; DAC0832 converter is the center of the D/A transform; execution unit, I used DDZIII type electromotive unit; the auto-man, it is a disabling of the other control circuit, this can secure production all the time.

在数据采集部分，以多路开关CD4051和AD574模/数转换器为核心接收来自红外线传感器的信号；数据处理依赖CPU；键盘/显示部分，以74LS48驱动LED数码管工作；报警单元，采用了双色LED加蜂鸣器的组合；D/A转换采用了DAC0832转换器；执行器采用DDZIII型电动执行器；手/自动切换装置则屏蔽了之前的电器部分，安全可靠。

The Company is a professional production of long-term flexible coupling, gear-type coupling, flange coupling, coupling roller, slider coupling the main processing unit, my plant has a processing center, CNC Lathe , wire-cutting and all kinds of ordinary cars, milling, planing, grinding and other medium-sized processing equipment totaling more than 30 Units, or in the area of 1500 square meters, and its predecessor was the Wuhan plant, subordinate units of vehicles engaged in precision machining for decades, its technical strong, the company will not only provide high-quality machining products, but also provide a comprehensive service, from product design, processing, manufacturing, packaging, transportation and other integration services, our constant self-perfection, technology continues to improve, put all the targets set up at "Customers are our God" on the basis points.

本公司是一家长期专业生产弹性联轴器、齿型联轴器、凸缘联轴器、滚子联轴器、滑块联轴器为主的加工单位，我厂拥有加工中心，数控车床，线切割及各类普通车、铣、刨、磨等中型加工设备共计三十多台，占在面积1500平方米，其前身是武汉车辆厂的下属单位，从事精密加工数十年，其技术力量雄厚，公司不仅提供品质卓越的机械加工产品，更提供全面周到的服务，从产品设计、加工制造，包装运输等一体化服务，我们不断的完善自我，技术不断提高，把一切目标都建立在"客户是我们的上帝"的基点上。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。