嗅球

In the brain of adult rat, the positive immunohistochemical product of lSL-l (ISL-l-positive) was mainly located in the neuronal nucleus and found in discrete regions except to brain cortex, such as the Purkinje cell layer and the granular cell layer of cerebellum, the granular cell layer and the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus, the mitral cell layer, the internal and external plexiform layer, the granular cell layer and the granular cell layer of olfactory bulb and so on, and several nuclei of the hypothalamus, midbrain and pons, such as claustrum, anterior olfactory nucleus, accumbens nucleus, caudate-ptamen, pallidum, substantia nigra, striatum, islands of Callaje, mammillary nucleus, anterior pretactal nucleus, habenular nucleus, amygdaloid nucleus, cuneate nucleus, rubral nucleus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus and so on.

在正常成年大鼠脑中，同源框基因islet-1表达产物（ISL-1）免疫组织化学阳性物质广泛分布于除大脑皮层外的神经细胞的细胞核内，ISL-1阳性神经元密集分布于小脑Purkinje细胞层和颗粒细胞层、海马的颗粒细胞层和锥体细胞层、嗅球的内丛层、外丛层、颗粒细胞层及僧帽细胞层等，另外在丘脑、中脑和桥脑的一些重要神经元核团均有分布，如，屏状核、前嗅核、伏核、尾壳核、苍白球、黑质、纹状体、Calleja岛、乳头体核、前顶盖前核、缰核、杏仁核、楔束核、红核网状巨细胞核等。

Olfactory sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor gene project to one or a few glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, thus forming an intricate two-dimensional olfactory map.

表达同种气味受体的感觉神经元投射到嗅球表面的一个或几个嗅小球中，从而在嗅球中形成一个精确的二维连接图谱。

Objective To observe sex difference of mitral cell and other structures in rats' olfactory bulb and research the differences which affect the olfaction on both male and female.

目的 观察大鼠嗅球内僧帽细胞及其他结构的性别差异，探讨嗅球内部结构的差异对雌雄动物或男女嗅觉差异的影响。

METHODS: According to adherent + Thy1.1 antibody and complement-purification method, cranium was opened to expose olfactory bulb. Thereafter, two olfactory bulbs were obtained to remove cerebral pia mater, blood capillary, and peripheral tissues; additionally, olfactory nerve layer and olfactory bulb granular layer were sheared into 1-mm3 pieces for extract single-cell suspension. The cells were adjusted at the density of 1×107 /L and incubated with poly-l-lysine-coated culture bottle or culture plate in 5% CO2 incubator at 37 ℃. On the third day, cells were cultured with serum-free DMEM/F12 culture media.

在差速贴壁+Thy1.1抗体及补体纯化法的基础上，剪开大鼠颅骨，显露位于颅腔前方的嗅球，取出2只嗅球，在显微镜下去除嗅球表面的软脑膜和毛细血管及外周组织，保留富含嗅鞘细胞的嗅神经层和嗅球颗粒层，剪成1 mm3小块分离获取单细胞悬浮液，调整细胞密度至1×107 L-1，接种在用poly-l-lysine包被的培养瓶或培养板中，于37 ℃、体积分数为5%的CO2培养箱中培养，第3天用无血清DMEM/F12培养基换液培养。

Sprague Dawley rat models of caudate nucleus hemorrhage were established. 10 μL of cell suspension was separately collected from the OB-OEC transplantation group and OM-OEC transplantation group, injected into rat brain tissues (1 μL/min) using a microinjector under the stereotaxis. The same volume of medium was infused into the right caudate nucleus from rats of the control group.

取SD大鼠制备尾状核出血模型，嗅球来源嗅鞘细胞移植组及嗅黏膜嗅鞘细胞移植组各取10μL细胞悬液在立体定向下引导微量注射器向大鼠脑组织内匀速注射(1 μL/min)，对照组注入等量培养基，注射点为右侧尾状核。

METHODS: The rats in the two groups were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 10 g/L urethane (1 g/kg) and the chest was opened to insert a tube into the ascending aorta for perfusion with 200 mL of the mixture containing glutaric dialdehyde and paraformaldehyde for fixation.

两组大鼠给予质量浓度为10 g/L的乌拉坦1 g/kg腹腔内注射，麻醉后开胸，升主动脉插管，戊二醛与多聚甲醛混合固定液200 mL灌流固定，取嗅球，振荡切片，锇酸后固定，平板包埋，光镜下选取嗅球各层，制备超薄切片，透射电镜下对比观察。

RESULTS: Olfactory bulb-derived olfactory ensheathing cells adhered to the wall at 24 hours. Olfactory mucosa-derived olfactory ensheathing cells adhered to the wall at 4-5 days. The morphology of the two kinds of cells was similar. Most of them were bipolar and spindle-shaped, and few were tripolar and flat.

结果：体外培养24 h嗅球源性嗅鞘细胞即可贴壁，而嗅黏膜源性嗅鞘细胞多在培养四五天后贴壁，两种来源的嗅鞘细胞形态相似，以双极或梭形细胞为主，少量为3极及多突起形多级细胞，同时夹杂扁平、煎鸡蛋形细胞。

Before the two-hour interaction of male-male individuals , we found there were obviously fewer and lighter stained ERp immunoreactive neurons (ER|3-IRs) in both main olfactory bulb system project regions and vomeronasal system project regions in the mandarin voles than in the reed voles, but no significant difference in numbers of AR immunoreactive neurons between the two species through the examining of immunoreactive neurons, moreover, there were significantly fewer AR-IRs than ERp-IRs in two species of vole before the two-hour interactions.

免疫组织化学检测，没有社会交往时棕色田鼠主嗅球系统投射区和犁鼻系统投射区ERβ免疫阳性细胞明显少于沼泽田鼠，且显色淡，AR免疫阳性细胞在两种鼠间差异不大，且都明显少于各自的ERβ-IRs.2h交往后，棕色田鼠主嗅球投射区和犁鼻系统投射区的ERβ-IRs细胞数明显少于交往前，AR-IRs细胞数明显多于交往前；沼泽田鼠交往前与交往后ERβ-IRs和AR-IRs细胞数均无显著差异，且显著多于交往后棕色田鼠ERβ-IRs细胞数，显著少于交往后棕色田鼠AR-IRs细胞数。

Objective: To observe the distribution pattern and morphology of NOS positive neurons in the olfactory bulb of the wild hedgehog .

用依赖还原型辅酶Ⅱ的黄递酶组织化学方法显示NOS阳性神经元在刺猬嗅球的分布和形态，观察野生刺猬嗅球内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的分布和形态。

By using fetal bovine serum of different density, IGF-I and BDNF to induced NSCs of olfactory bulb, to explore the factors that spur the NSCs to differentiate and to pave the way for the study in future.

使用不同浓度的胎牛血清、IGF-I和BDNF诱导大鼠嗅球NSCs的分化，探讨促进大鼠嗅球NSCs向神经元分化的因素，为大鼠嗅球NSCs的深入研究与临床应用打基础。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。