喷嘴

This study presents the investigating of microchannels flow. It is divided into two parts, the flow characteristics of micro venturi and the performance of straight-walled and curved-walled micro nozzle/diffuser respectively. The experimental results are also compared with the simulation results whereby we can observe the flow field in micro venturi and discuss the bounder effect of micro nozzle/diffuser.

本文主要是针对微喷嘴的空气流场进行研究与探讨，研究分为两部分进行，分别是探讨微文氏管的流力特性及曲面微喷嘴边界对流力效能的影响，并将实验结果与CFD软体的分析结果相互比较，藉以观察微文氏管内之流场分布并探讨微喷嘴较佳之流力性能。

Under function of fuel pump, one way enters into nozzle burning; another way enters into cooling cavity. Because carbinol vaporize hidden heat is big, and absorbs a great amount of heat in cooling cavity, and nozzle surfaced temperature rapidity drop to below 30EDG C, thereby aim of cooling nozzle is reached.

燃料在泵的作用下一路进入喷嘴进行燃烧；另一路进入冷却腔，由于甲醇的汽化潜热很大，在冷却腔内吸收大量的热量，使喷嘴表面的温度迅速下降到30℃以下，从而达到冷却喷嘴的目的。

To accelerate the widespread of Synchronous Chip Seal and improve the operation quality of Synchronous Chipsealer, key techniques which influence the operation quality is studied detailedly, including the control of distributing quality, the dynamics characteristics of hydraulic system and the spray characteristics of asphalt nozzle of Synchronous Chipsealer.1 The factors which influence Synchronous Chip Seal quality are studied. Fiducial probability of simultaneous distribution density is advised to be used in evaluating the distribution bias and standard deviation of asphalt and aggregates simultaneously, which is more advanced than the single index evaluation method used before.2 The volume efficiency formula of asphalt pump is revised after analyzing the data of volume efficiency with mathematical statistics, which is helpful to match the asphalt spray system and control the flow out of asphalt pump accurately. With equation deduction and experiment, dynamic of hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is studied, which lay the theory foundation on improving the stability and efficiency from design and controlling.4 Simulation on hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is done with AMESim; the results indicate that multi-circle parallel connected hydraulic system with constant pressure power is better than that with load-sensing pressure power at present, because the latter will oscillate when the multi circles work at the same time. This conclusion has been proved during the debug of Synchronous Chipsealer.5 Asphalt nozzle characteristics, such as flat jet shape, flow distribution, are studied with experiment, the results indicate that cross quality of asphalt distributing is not increased linearly follow the increase of fan overlap level, the best point usually exists between two whole overlap level, asphalt distributing quality is better than±4% at the 2.5 overlap level, meets the superior specified in standard; The distribution quality of Synchronous Chipsealer can be increased by spray asphalt of different flow rang with nozzle of different diameter

为了加快同步碎石封层技术的推广，提高同步碎石封层设备的作业质量，本文对同步碎石封层设备作业质量的影响因素与控制方法、液压系统的动力学特性和沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性等关键技术进行了深入细致的研究：1研究了影响同步碎石封层作业质量的因素，提出了采用联合密度分布置信概率对同步碎石封层中沥青洒布量和碎石撒布量的系统偏差和标准差指标进行综合评价的方法，克服了传统评价方法只能对单一指标进行评价的缺陷；2采用数理统计的方法，研究了沥青泵的容积效率特性，修正了沥青泵容积效率公式，为沥青喷洒系统的匹配和沥青泵出口流量的精确控制提供了依据；采用数理方程推导与试验相结合的方法，研究了同步碎石封层设备液压系统的动力学特性，为从设计和控制的角度提高同步碎石封层设备液压系统的稳定性和效率奠定了理论基础；3运用AMESim软件对采用负载敏感控制和恒压控制的两种同步碎石封层设备液压系统进行仿真，结果表明：负载敏感控制的并联液压系统在多回路同时工作时，由于液压泵排量控制参考压力不稳定，容易引发液压系统振荡，恒压控制的并联液压系统是目前技术条件下比较理想的同步碎石封层设备工作装置驱动方案；该结论亦通过同步碎石封层设备装机试验得到了验证。4采用试验的方法对沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性进行了研究，结果表明：沥青洒布的横向精度并不是随着喷洒扇面重叠度的增加线性增加，其最高点通常出现在二个重叠度之间的"半重叠位置"，"2.5重叠"洒布时，沥青的横向洒布精度≤±4%，可以达到国家相关标准中的优级标准；同步碎石封层设备还可以根据不同洒布量情况下的流量需求，采用不同通径的喷嘴进行喷洒，提高沥青洒布精度。

Some of the CTS system software allows the operator to select the number of the nozzle or nozzles array, so that some time in the ink-jet nozzles to not be "excitated", the operator can use this command to get rid of those who cannot marking nozzle.

有些CTS系统的驱动软件允许操作者选择喷嘴数量或指定工作的喷嘴阵列，这样有些喷嘴在喷墨时不被「激发」，操作者可以使用这一命令去掉那些不能喷印的喷嘴。

A hotwire anemometer was used to measure the jet velocity at the exit of the precessing jet nozzle and the power spectrum density was obtained afterwards in order to analyze the precessing feature of the jet. It is shown that an obvious precession motion is generated in a nozzle even with a large expansion ratio E=10 and a small length-to-diameter ratio LD=2. The precessing frequency is mainly dependent on the nozzle diameter and the intake flow rate, increasing with the enhancement of the flow rate and with the reduction of nozzle diameter.

采用热线风速仪测量旋进喷嘴出口射流的速度，并对该射流进行功率谱分析以研究其旋进特性，结果表明，实验所用的膨胀比E=10、长径比L/D=2的喷嘴同样能产生明显的旋进射流，旋进频率主要取决于喷嘴的尺寸和射流的流速，并随流速的增大和喷嘴直径的减小而增大。

Therefore, by comparing particle distribution of the spraying under different water pressure, and the nozzle's outlet velocity simulation get by Ansys, which is a software for mechanical simulation, a proposal of the application of 1.5mm nozzle, 8Mpa water pressure on the spot was put forward.

在比较多种光学测粒仪的基础上，选择Winner313系统测量不同孔径喷嘴在不同供水压力下喷雾雾场的粒径分布。通过分析比较喷嘴在不同压力下喷雾雾场的粒径分布和Ansys模拟得到的喷嘴内部及出水口速度场，建议现场应用1.5mm喷嘴、供水压力为8MPa进行喷雾。

GB/T2624--936 and production in line with ISO5167 - 1 standard expenditure devices, including pressure Kok access standard orifice, the standard nozzle, the flange pressure from the standard orifice, the trail from pressure from the standard orifice, the length of the nozzle And Venturi tube and cultural Venturi nozzle, double orifice, eccentric orifice, missing a round orifice, cone-shaped entrance orifice, the first-orifice, Pitot Venturi tubes, nozzles, such as the speed of sound. OVAL Co., Ltd.

生产符合GB/T2624--936和ISO5167--1的标准节流装置；包括角接取压标准孔板、标准喷嘴、法兰取压标准孔板、径距取压标准孔板、长径喷嘴以及文丘里管和文丘里喷嘴、双重孔板、偏心孔板、圆缺孔板、锥形入口孔板、端头孔板、皮托文丘里管、音速喷嘴等。

The calculation and experiment results show that the maximum lifting pressure performance decreases with the increase in throat diameter of channel of variable section, water flux of low pressure and pressure ratio of steam nozzle, and has its minimum value with water nozzle annular space. The coefficient of maximum lifting pressure performance may be as high as 26. In the design of steam injector, the larger pressure ratio of steam nozzle and the smaller water nozzle annular space are selected, the higher lifting pressure performance could be obtained.

计算及研究表明：极限升压能力随变截面混合腔喉部直径、被升压的低压水流量和蒸汽喷嘴压比增加而降低，随环形水喷嘴间隙的变化出现了最小值；计算得出变截面超音速汽液两相流装置的极限升压能力可达26；在设计升压装置时应尽可能选取较大的蒸汽喷嘴压比和较小的环形水喷嘴间隙。

Comparison between the stress of swirling and common jet nozzle tells that the former maximum stress is far larger that the latter. It can explain that the wear of swirling jet nozzle is more severe than common jet nozzle. The way how various parameters effect the wear of the nozzle is carefully studied in the article.

对比了旋转磨料射流喷嘴和普通磨料射流喷嘴的应力情况，结果表明：前者的最大应力远大于后者，这可以很好地解释旋转磨料射流喷嘴比普通射流喷嘴磨损严重的现象。

The mathematical model of plasma arc jet velocity at the exit of orifice logically combines the structural sizes of orifice with the plasma gas flow rate, the temperature of plasma arc at the exit of orifice, intensity of ionization and the force of arc pinch effect, by which the velocity of plasma arc jet can be estimated.

当喷嘴结构参数，离子气流量一定时，等离子弧在喷嘴出口处的温度和电离度的增加能使射流的喷嘴出口速度显著增加，而电磁压缩力使射流的喷嘴出口速度增加得较少。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。