喉道

It was shown that the lithotypes are the medium-fine granular arkose and lithic arkose which have the characteristics of low compositional maturity.middle-high texture ma...

研究结果表明，储层岩石类型主要为中细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩，成分成熟度低，结构成熟度中—高；岩石物性总体较差，属低孔、低渗储层，发育粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、晶间孔等孔隙类型，喉道以中细喉—细喉为主。

The sensitivity test showed that the remnant chlorite was impossible to form Fe3 precipitation in the simulative system.

对酸敏残液分析结果表明，在一定时间内不可能形成Fe3沉淀及堵塞喉道。

It is recommended for deep immersions up to 6 inches and where throat flow might be a problem.

建议使用深度达到6英寸的水浸，喉道流动可能是一个问题。

The precision identification has been made by open channel now measurement according to now measurement precision of non-throat flume in headwork of high main canal of the Dashuijiang irrigation project and the availability has also been evaluated based on quantitative and quantitative analysis.

大水港灌溉工程高干渠渠首无喉道量水槽的量水精度，采用明渠测流法进行精度鉴定，并在定量定性的基础上，评定量水槽的适用性。

The results show that the sandstone reservoirs with high porosity and permeability are mainly composed of coarse-grained lithic quartz sandstone and quartz sandstone with relatively well-preserved primary intergranular pores, relatively large median radius and average pore throat radius, and relatively low displacement pressure.

结果表明：组成高孔、渗储层的砂岩类型主要是粗粒的岩屑石英砂岩和石英砂岩，其较多地保存了原生粒间孔，具有较高的中值半径和平均喉道半径以及较低的排驱压力；高能环境下有利的沉积微相和成岩早期包壳状胶结物对原生粒间孔隙的保护作用是形成高孔、渗储层的基础条件。

The general laws of evolvement show the following features:①The point and line contacts of grains decreased;②The communication degree of pore with throat increased.The grading of pore and throat got meliorative;③The total content of clay was reduced;④The wettability of rock trended to hydrophile.The distribution of remaining oil in reservoir was controlled and affected by the pore-throat-net evolvement.

研究结果表明，储层孔喉网络演化是由油藏开发流体动力地质作用所造成的，孔喉网络场的演化是动态的、持续发生的，孔喉网络场总的演化规律是：颗粒点、线接触关系减少；孔喉连通程度提高，喉道分选性变好；粘土矿物减少，各类粘土矿物相对含量变化；岩石颗粒的润湿性向亲水转化。

The method of characteristics was introduced to calculate the flow field after the primary nozzle exit, whilst Korst's recompression criterion was adopted to determine the corresponding cell pressure, and one-dimensional control volume method was employed to analyze the downstream flow field.

该方法采用特征线方法分析一次流喷嘴出口流场，结合Korst再压缩判据确定引射器盲腔压力，采用一维控制体方法计算第二喉道引射器的下游流场。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

According to permeability, associating with pore type, pore throat radium, ratio of pore throat radium, and connectivity of pore throat, the reservoir is divided into two groups: moderate permeability reservoir with moderate pore and small throat and low permeability reservoir. the latter is further classified into three types: moderate pore and small throat reservoir, small pore and unhomogeneous and subtle throat reservoir, and small pore and homogeneous and subtle throat reservoir.

在此基础上，以渗透率为主线，结合孔隙类型、孔喉半径、孔喉半径比以及孔喉连通性等参数，将研究区储层主要划分为中渗透储层和低渗透储层2种基本类型，前者以中渗透中孔细喉道型为主，后者又进一步细分为低渗透中孔细喉道型、低渗透小孔不均匀微细喉道型和低渗透小孔较均匀微细喉道型等3个亚类。

Under financial support by the Guanzhong Irrigation Improvement Project loaned by WB,the choice for the shapes of the water measuring flumes in U-shape canals have been carried out,based on the choice research,the straight wall type water measuring flume in U-shape canal was proposed for the optimal shape.

对U形渠道量水槽进行了选型，在选型的基础上，提出以U形渠道直壁式量水槽作为本研究的优选体型，并对U形渠道直壁式量水槽的体型、喉道长度、喉道宽度、过渡段长度、水尺位置、设计方法进行了优化研究，所得结果已在工程实践中应用，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。