喉咽

Results The pharynx, larynx, epiglottic cartilage, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, hyoid bone, vocal cord, artery, and vein were successfully restructured and displayed.

结果 成功重建并显示了咽、喉、会厌软骨、甲状软骨、环状软骨、杓状软骨、舌骨、声带、动脉、静脉、环杓肌、咽缩肌、甲状舌骨肌等结构，形成三维立体模型，使其可以任意角度旋转、切割、观察。

CTVE is a new, non-invasive method for demonstrating the mucosal structure of normal and abnormal larynx and hypopharynx, and it is a good complementary method to conventional fiber optic laryngoscopy.

CTVE是一种新的、非侵袭性的方法，能清楚显示正常和异常喉及下咽部的腔内结构，是纤维喉镜的很好补充手段。

Methods CTVE was performed with 3.0 mm at pitch 1.0 and 1.0 mm reconstruction interval in 10 normal subjects and 20 patients with larynx and hypopharynx diseases confirmed by pathology. The results were then compared with the findings of conventional laryngoscopy and operation.

采用层厚3.0 mm、螺距1.0、间隔1.0 mm对10例正常和20例经病理证实的喉及下咽部病变的患者进行CTVE成像，并与纤维喉镜、手术所见对照分析。

Lipomata of the larynx and the hypopharynx are very ram benign lesions; as they look macroscopically like retention cysts, their diagnosis is usually made after surgery.

喉部及下咽部的脂肪瘤是罕见的良性肿瘤，在巨观下会被误认为喉部滞留性囊肿，所以常在手术后才得以诊断。

Methods: The obstruction in both the oropharynx and the hypopharynx were determined by fiberoptic pharyngolaryngoscopy and Müller examination in 34 patients with severe OSAHS.

对34例重度OSAHS患者行纤维喉镜检查并结合Müller试验，确定阻塞同时存在口咽及舌咽平面。

The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease is high in Western nations. Its extra-esophageal manifestations such as asthma, paroxysmal laryngospasm, and excessive throat phlegm, chronic cough, laryngal disorders, postnasal drip and other lesser ear, nose and throat symptoms, have been recognized and reported.

胃食管返流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease， GERD)在西方国家发病率较高，而人们对其食管外临床表现（如哮喘、喉痉挛、顽固性咳嗽咳痰，以致鼻窦炎、咽炎等耳鼻喉科症状）也有相当的认识并有众多的临床报导。

Cough, laryngal disorders, postnasal drip and other lesser ear, nose and throat symptoms, have been recognizedand reported[1]. Thus GERD patients with complications of respiratory distress are considered an integral aspect ofthe syndrome in the Western world.

引言：胃食管返流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease， GERD）在西方国家发病率较高，而人们对其食管外临床表现（如哮喘、喉痉挛、顽固性咳嗽咳痰，以致鼻窦炎、咽炎等耳鼻喉科症状）也有相当的认识并有众多的临床报导[1]。

Between them 56 cases （85%） had TB of cervical lymph nodes, 4 patients had laryngeal TB, 2 patients had TB of cervical vertebrae, 2 patients had TB of middle ear, and there was l patient each of oropharynx and retropharyngeal abscess.

结果：66例病人，56例（85％）为颈淋巴结结核，4例（6％）为喉结核，2例（3％）颈椎结核，2例（3％）中耳结核，口咽结核和咽后脓肿各1例（3％）。30％的病人伴有肺或其它器官的结核；9％的病人有结核病史或为继发的结核。

MethodsFrom January 2003 to June 2008, 109 (98 males and 11 females) cases of severe OSAHS were treated with UPPP. All patients were checked with a fiber optic laryngoscope of Muller and X-ray or CT for upper air flue when they were in a waking state to locate the collapse level (oropharyngeal and palatopharyngeal level, most of them had an obstruction on the oropharyngeal level). After the UPPP, they were sent to the ICU and monitored with trachea cannula for 1 to 2days.

方法对重度OSAHS患者行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术109例，每例患者术前均行清醒状态纤维喉镜下Muller检查、上气道的X线片或上气道CT测量，术前确定阻塞平面为腭-咽及舌-咽平面，但以舌-咽平面为主，均行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术，术后均于ICU保留气管插管监护1～2d。

All patients were checked with a fiber optic laryngoscope of Muller and Xray or CT for upper air flue when they were in a waking state to locate the collapse level (oropharyngeal and palatopharyngeal level, most of them had an obstruction on the oropharyngeal level). After the UPPP, they were sent to the ICU and monitored with trachea cannula for 1 to 2days.

对重度OSAHS患者行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术109例，每例患者术前均行清醒状态纤维喉镜下Muller检查、上气道的X线片或上气道CT测量，术前确定阻塞平面为腭-咽及舌-咽平面，但以舌-咽平面为主，均行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术，术后均于ICU保留气管插管监护1～2d。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。