喉

Fifty female patients who were selected to schedule for mammary gland tumor excision surgery, were divided into 2 groups(n=25 in each group): group A: received propofol's half-effective concentration at 3.0 μg/ml in Marsh model by TCI; group B: received propofol's half-effective concentration at 4.0 μg/ml in Marsh model by TCI. All patients were given remifentanil in Minto model by TCI after being given propofol which reached the balance between effect-site concentration and blood plasma concentration. The target concentration of remifentanil was determined by a modification of Dixon's up-and-down method. Laryngeal mask insertion was attempted after 10 mins, the insertion condition and success rate were observed, then the suitable target concentration of remifentanil(ECe50) were calculated.

50例女性乳腺良性手术患者随机分为2组（n=25），A组：靶控输注丙泊酚效应室浓度3.0 μg/ml；B组：靶控输注丙泊酚效应室浓度4.0 μg/ml（均为Marsh药代模型），待其效应室浓度和血浆浓度达平衡后给予靶控输注效应室浓度瑞芬太尼，运用Dixon's序贯法确定喉罩置入时瑞芬太尼浓度，10分钟后置入喉罩并观察喉罩置入条件与成功率，计算出相应的瑞芬太尼适宜靶浓度（ECe50值）。

Otolaryngologists use an otoscope to examine the eardrum and a laryngoscope (developed in 1855) to inspect the larynx.

耳喉科医生用耳镜检查耳鼓，用喉镜(1855年发明)检查喉。

Partial or total substitution of the laryngeal architecture with homologous cartilage seems to be good for laryngeal reconstruction after total or subtotal laryngectomy.

喉癌和喉狭窄是临床上较难处理疾病，喉狭窄及喉癌手术病人喉功能重建的研究已成为关注热点。

Larynogomalacia is both the most common congenital laryngeal anomaly and the most frequent cause of stridor in infants. The majority of cases resolve spontaneously. In approximately 10% of these infants, the laryngomalacia is severe and requires surgical intervention.

软喉病是婴儿最常见的先天性喉部疾病，也是临床上造成婴儿喘鸣最主要的原因，大多数的患者症状中轻微且会自动痊愈，然而有10%的患者属於重度的软喉症，需要接受手术治疗。

The distance between the point of the inferior laryngeal nerve entering larynx and the inferior corner of thyroid cartilage were measured.

结果：喉下神经入喉点距甲状软骨下角的目的：为提高全喉切除术后用发音管发音重建的成功率提供解剖学基础。

The distance between the point of the inferior laryngeal nerve entering larynx and the inferior corner of thyroid cartilage were measured.The relationship of inferior laryngeal nerve and cricopharynegeus muscle was observed.

对40具(男30，女10)成人标本环咽肌进行解剖，观测左右侧喉下神经入喉处与甲状软骨下角的距离、喉下神经和环咽肌的关系。

Results: There were 56 cases of recurrent laryngeal carcinoma having CT findings invaded by multiple laryngeal and neck structcres, palapharyngeal irregular intensified mass that have normal ovenlying mucosa of laryngeal cavity in 23 cases (40%), and are not detectable on endoscopy; ealaged cervical lymph nodes 16 cases (28.6%); thyroid cartilage/cricoid cartilage destraction 3 cases (5.3%); internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein involvement 5 cases (8.9%); cervical vertebral 2 cases (3.6%) and carcinoma of the orifice of tracheotomy in 5 cases (8.9%).

结果：本组56例复发性喉癌以术后多种喉部和颈部组织结构受侵为主要CT表现特征。喉旁不规则强化肿块23例，占40%；颈淋巴结肿大16例，占28.6%；喉软骨破坏3例，占5.3%；颈动脉工鞘受累5例，占8.9%；颈椎骨质破坏2例，占3.6%；气管造漏口癌5例，占8.9%。

Causes: malnutrition due to pregnancy, fetal calcium deficiency, resulting in weak laryngeal cartilage, inspiratory pressure increases, so epiglottis crimp contacts on both sides of the edge inward, or too large epiglottis and soft, two aryepiglottic fold side close to each other, narrowing into a cavity valve-like tremors occur ming throat.

发病原因：可由于妊娠期营养不良，胎儿缺钙，致使喉软骨软弱，吸气时负压增大，使会厌软骨两侧边缘向内卷曲接触，或会厌软骨过大而柔软，两侧杓会厌襞互相接近，喉腔变窄成活瓣状震颤而发生喉鸣。

Result:In most cases, the recurrent laryngeal nerve diverges at the level of 1.0～2.5 cm under the cricothyroid articulation for forming the extralaryngeal division.

结果：95%喉返神经在距同侧环甲关节下方1.0～2.5 cm处形成喉返神经喉外分叉点，根据分支情况可将其分为三型。

Results Tracheotomy was applied to 35 cases. Of them, detubation was done besides 2 cases suffering from laryngeal stenosis even with laryngeal dilation.

结果 41例开放性喉外伤中35例行低位气管切开术，33例术后拔管；2例并发喉狭窄，经喉扩张亦未能拔管。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。