商业银行

The chapter describes the state owned commercial bank current situation, the key issues faced, pointing out the shortage of property right system, management system, organization system, badness assets and capital abundance ratio, etc., drawing the conclusion that the stock systematic reform is the outlet of state owned commercial bank reform.

在股份制具体形式的选择上，通过对两类股份制公司形式的比较，论证股份有限公司制是国有商业银行股份制改革的最佳模式，并认为在组织形式上应由总分行制改为集团公司制；在产权结构上，探讨了只有建立现代商业银行制度，才能真正实现国有商业银行的产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学；在公司治理模式上，强调建立真正的法人治理结构，较为详细地介绍了国有商业银行的股东大会、董事会、监事会等组织结构框架及作用；最后探讨了国有商业银行股份制改革需要注意的几个问题及风险防范。

Generally, foreign commercial banks make full use of modern network and communication technology, via the scientific and technological methods, make the continuous innovation in the products, cannel, customer management and other fields on the base of market subdivision, and thus greatly improve the value of customer service.

其次对国外商业银行个人金融业务的现状和发展历程进行了研究，发现个人金融业务是了国外商业银行最重要的利润来源之一，发达国家和地区商业银行充分利用现代的网络和通讯技术，以科技为依托，在市场细分的基础上对产品、渠道、客户管理等营销领域不断创新，极大提高了为客户服务的价值，我国商业银行应以发达国家和地区的先进经验为镜，实现我国商业银行个人金融业务的跨越式发展。

The study object of this dissertation is the state-exclusive-owned commercial bank property right system, the dissertation firstly expounds the connation and function of the property right and its system of commercial bank, comparatively analyzes natural person property right system and corporate property right system, exposes the administrative structure and action of pattern and efficiency of action of commercial bank are controlled by property right system of commercial bank.

论文以中国国有独资商业银行产权制度为研究对象，首先阐述了商业银行产权和产权制度的内涵、功能，比较分析了商业银行的两种产权制度（自然人产权制度和法人产权制度），提出商业银行的产权制度根本性地决定了商业银行的治理结构、行为方式和行为效率。

This paper first in introduction in have analysed commercial bank financial risk the necessariness of avoiding , then the meaning for commercial bank financial risk have made simple expound , and have discussed commercial bank financial risk the importance that avoided , then, have enumerated the 4 expression types of commercial bank financial risk, the 3th in paper is partial to have analysed the external reason and internal reason that produces financial risk , avoids idea and establishment finally since cultivating commercial bank financial risk to improve suitable accounting management system , found financial risk the supervisor guarantee that avoided systematic, perfect risk disclosure and report system and raising the 5 aspects such as the quality of bank people have discussed commercial bank financial risk emphatically avoid strategy.

本文首先在绪论中分析了商业银行财务风险规避的必要性，接着对商业银行财务风险的含义作了简单的阐明，并论述了商业银行财务风险规避的重要性，然后列举了商业银行财务风险的四个表现类型，在论文的第三部份分析了产生财务风险的外部原因与内部原因，最后从培育商业银行财务风险规避观念、建立健全适宜的会计管理体制、构建财务风险规避的监督保障系统、完善风险披露和报告制度及提高银行人员的素质等五个方面着重论述了商业银行财务风险的规避策略。

This article tinselly explains the connotation of commercial bank" s system, describes Marxian and the new system economics, puts forwards the definition essential function and target of the commercial bank" s system on the theory Of the system and its vicissitude; Secondly, summarizes of historic analysis puts forwards the features of both system and theory for the three period in the historic vicissitude, and the instructive node of vicesitudesystem of the theory of it synthetic bank system" s vicissitude with the force of market and nation;Thirdly, illustrates the identity and difference of the commercial bank" s system through the horizontal analysis for its system; Finally , according to china" s reality , analyses the processes of the Chinese commercial bank" s system , the synthetic tendency of the vicissitude of realistic bank" s system and the reason for synthesis , puts forwards it synthetic mode of the Chinese commercial bank"s system and the specific request and content of the creation of commercial bank" s system , providing the reference for the reform of the Chinese commercial bank" s system.

本文首先阐述了商业银行制度的内涵，描述了马克思主义理论及新制度经济学关于制度及制度变迁的理论论述。提出了商业银行制度的定义、构成、基本功能与目标。其次，用历史的分析方法对商业银行制度进行了总结，论述了商业银行制度历史变迁中三个阶段的制度特征及理论特征，提出了由市场力量和国家力量共同主导下的综合银行制度变迁的理论特征及引导性制度变迁模式。再次对商业银行制度做了横向的比较分析，论述了商业银行制度的趋同性和差异性。最后根据中国的实际情况，分析了中国商业银行制度的历史变迁过程和现实银行制度变迁的综合化趋向及动因，提出了中国商业银行制度综合化的模式及商业银行制度的具体要求和内容，为中国的商业银行制度改革提供参考。

On the basis of documentary summary of the research on banking scale economy in china and overseas, after an experienced judgment and comparison of the market structure and economic result in china's banking industry in accordance with a great deal of related specific data, an empirical and comparative analysis is made on the scale economy for state-owned commercial banks and share equity commercial banks in china by using transcendental cost function.

在介绍国内外有关银行业规模经济问题研究的文献综述基础上，通过依据大量相关具体数据对我国银行业的市场结构及效益问题进行经验性的判断比较，最后运用超越对数成本函数对我国国有商业银行与股份制商业银行的规模经济问题进行实证比较分析，并得出结论：从总体上看，我国商业银行规模系数变化不大，但近几年来在规模效率方面，国有商业银行相对于股份制商业银行来说进步更为显著。

The conclusion established some ways to improve the credit risk management such as optimize the national-owned enterprises and commercial banks operation structure; establish new relationship between banks and corporations; optimize bank's internal control system; balancing corporate financing ways, eliminate corporate over-dependency on bank's credit assets, and remove information asymmetric contributed by credit sales.

本文在分析和评述国内外银行信贷资产安全性相关理论的基础上，对银行信贷资产安全性与流动性、盈利性之间的关系、信贷资产安全性的概念、分类进行了界定和分析，在对影响商业银行信贷资产安全性共性因素和我国信贷资产安全性现状进行深入剖析的基础上，紧密结合中国银行业的实际，结合信息经济学、行为金融学的有关理论从产权制度、公司治理结构、融资行为、投资行为、内部控制等方面深入分析了借款企业行为、商业银行行为、政府行为及社会信用环境对信贷资产安全性的影响机理，特别是重点分析了信息不对称条件下商业银行信贷资产安全性生成机理，较系统、全面地论述了影响我国商业银行信贷资产安全性的特殊因素，并运用logistic等统计方法进行信贷资产安全性判别进行了实证研究，构建了我国商业银行信贷资产安全性判别模型，最后在此基础上提出了不断健全完善公司治理结构，树立市场化的新型银企关系；完善商业银行内部控制制度，强化内控执行机制；优化企业融资模式，降低企业对商业银行信贷资金的过度依赖；有效缓解商业银行信贷经营活动中面临的信息不对称程度等加强商业银行信贷资产安全性管理和控制的措施与建议。

Chapter four, The Receiver of commercial bank insolvency.

第五章商业银行破产债权人的确认和组织，鉴于商业银行破产债权人不同于普通企业债权人的特点，本章结合商业银行具体金融业务和产品，深入分析了不同法律关系项下金融债权人身份的确认；并阐述了在商业银行破产债权人人数众多的特殊情况下，债权人委员会制度在商业银行破产制度中的应用。

Compared with country of market economy, China's existing legal system of forcing market withdrawal of the commercial bank also has much weakness.we should perfect the legal system of dissolution and bankruptcy of the commercial bank,perfect dispersion and compensation mechanism of the problematic bank,perfect supervision mechanism and risk warning mechanism of the commercial bank.

针对我国商业银行强制型市场退出法律制度存在的诸多不足，本文探讨了商业银行市场退出法律制度下金融安全与金融发展的平衡，亦提出了相应的完善对策：健全商业银行撤销和破产法律制度，建立商业银行的风险分散与补偿机制以及商业银行监管机制和风险预警机制。

This paper probes into the problems of the significance, targets, principles, implementation and others of the developing and training of the human resource carries out in the modern commercial bank. human resource ; developing and training ; modern commercial bank

而人力资源是知识的载体，是智力的拥有者，企业的发展必须依靠人力资源的开发培训，重视创新型人才的培养，这对于正在向现代化艰难迈进的国有商业银行显得尤为重要。1现代商业银行人力资源开发培训的意义1.1现代商业银行人力资源开发培训的含义现代商业银行人力资源开发培训是指商业银行通过组织培训或开发培

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。