商业信用

In order to keep up with the advanced approaches which international banks use nowadays, in this paper we present a new credit risk rating model, based on Principal Components and fizzy BP nerve network.

本文在对我国商业银行当前信用评级过程中存在的问题的认识和国内外相关研究成果的比较分析的基础上，提出了构建我国商业银行信用风险预警模型，所选用的研究方法有主成分分析法、模糊BP神经网络法。

The first part is the sum of expected losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk. The risk of losses in the part should be prevented by reserve for bad debts accrued by commercial banks. The second part is the sum of contingent losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk at certain confidence level, and the risk of losses in the part should be prevented by capital at risk. The third part is the sum of losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk that beyond certain confidence level, and the risk of losses in the part should be prevented by deposit insurance system.

第一部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险的期望损失之和，该部分损失的风险用商业银行自身提取的损失准备金来防范；第二部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险在一定置信水平下的意外损失之和，该部分损失的风险用商业银行自身的风险资本来防范；第三部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险超出一定置信水平外的损失之和，该部分损失的风险用存款保险制度来防范。

When an enterprise handles the business of commercial acceptance bills, the drawer and the acceptor shall strictly obey the settlement principle of "scrupulously abiding by commitments, and making payments according to the contract", and timely and fully encash the due commercial acceptance bills, so as to create good enterprise credit culture, upgrade their own brands and credit standing, and thus promote the social credit.

企业在办理商业承兑汇票业务时，出票人、承兑人要严格遵守&恪守信用、履约付款&的结算原则，及时足额兑付到期商业承兑汇票，以营造良好的企业信用文化，提升自身的品牌和信誉，并以此促进社会信用的好转。

Finally, in view of the the status quo in credit risk measurement and management of our commercial banks,this article presented some reformational ideas from the institutional construction and technical means of improving our credit risk measurement and proposed some suggestions to improve the demonstration.

最后，针对目前我国商业银行信贷信用风险度量和管理的客观现状，从制度建设和技术手段等方面提出了一些提高我国商业银行信贷信用风险定量管理水平的思路，并提出实证内容可以从四方面进行改进的建议。

The conclusion established some ways to improve the credit risk management such as optimize the national-owned enterprises and commercial banks operation structure; establish new relationship between banks and corporations; optimize bank's internal control system; balancing corporate financing ways, eliminate corporate over-dependency on bank's credit assets, and remove information asymmetric contributed by credit sales.

本文在分析和评述国内外银行信贷资产安全性相关理论的基础上，对银行信贷资产安全性与流动性、盈利性之间的关系、信贷资产安全性的概念、分类进行了界定和分析，在对影响商业银行信贷资产安全性共性因素和我国信贷资产安全性现状进行深入剖析的基础上，紧密结合中国银行业的实际，结合信息经济学、行为金融学的有关理论从产权制度、公司治理结构、融资行为、投资行为、内部控制等方面深入分析了借款企业行为、商业银行行为、政府行为及社会信用环境对信贷资产安全性的影响机理，特别是重点分析了信息不对称条件下商业银行信贷资产安全性生成机理，较系统、全面地论述了影响我国商业银行信贷资产安全性的特殊因素，并运用logistic等统计方法进行信贷资产安全性判别进行了实证研究，构建了我国商业银行信贷资产安全性判别模型，最后在此基础上提出了不断健全完善公司治理结构，树立市场化的新型银企关系；完善商业银行内部控制制度，强化内控执行机制；优化企业融资模式，降低企业对商业银行信贷资金的过度依赖；有效缓解商业银行信贷经营活动中面临的信息不对称程度等加强商业银行信贷资产安全性管理和控制的措施与建议。

Commercial banks shall strengthen gathering, straightening out, analyzing and utilizing the information on clients' payment and settlement credit, follow up knowing about the facts on enterprises' issuing, accepting and encashing commercial acceptance bills, and initiatively submit the commercial acceptance bill acceptors' information on deferred payments and their information on the credit of others to the People's Bank of China.

商业银行要加强对客户支付结算信用信息的收集、整理和分析利用，跟踪了解企业签发、承兑和兑付商业承兑汇票的情况，主动向人民银行报送商业承兑汇票承兑人的不良支付信息和其他信用信息。

Basing on the describe of predominance of data mining and the cognition of credit appraising in the department of banking credit, the article analyses data minings application predominance on credit risk management of banking.

文章基于对数据挖掘方法优势的描述和银行业信贷部门信用评价情况的认识，结合西方商业银行信用风险评价方法的模式，运用模型分析了数据挖掘方法在商业银行信用风险管理领域的应用优势。

After simply introducing the conception of credit and credit risk, the paper analyses the credit risk and its management in our commercial banks in detail.

在简单介绍了信用和信用风险的概念之后，详细分析了我国商业银行的信用风险及其管理现状。

Guide the thirty-third article: the commercial banks should be adopted, including the borrower's employing unit, the tax department, industry and commerce management departments as well as credit institutions, such as independent third-party investigation to examine the authenticity of applications for loans and the borrower's credit to understand themselves and their family's assets, liabilities, credit record and so on.

指南的第三十三条：商业银行应通过，其中包括借款人的用人单位，税务部门，工业和商业管理部门以及信贷机构，如独立的第三方进行调查，审查申请的真实性贷款和借款人的信用，了解自己和家人的资产，负债，信用记录等。

The performance of commercial bank credit management directly affects the performance of commercial bank management.

商业银行信用管理水平的高低，将直接影响一个商业银行的信用管理绩效，甚至银行经营的成败。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。