商业上

It would be most unjust, even on cosmopolitical grounds, now to resign to the English all the wealth and power of the earth, merely because by them the political system of commerce was first established and the cosmopolitical principle for the most part ignored.

现在仅仅由于首先树立政治的商业制度、多半不顾世界主义原则的是英国人，就把世界上一切财富和权力让给了他们，这一点就是从世界主义立场来看，也是最不公平的。

On a single line of credit, the commercial loans in general and there is no maximum.

一条直线上的信贷，商业贷款一般，也没有上限。

In knowledge economy era, with the deepening of global economic integration and the trend of international industry transfer, the effective, high-speed and networked economic development environment is affecting the location rule of business enterprise Airport, has evolved to a key crunode and promoter of the regional economic development from a site only for passengers and cargos transportation, which is compared to"the economic growth engine of countries and regions"by Airports Council International, is increasingly becoming a powerful driving force of regional economic development in 21 centry.

机场不再是传统意义上单一运送旅客和货物的场所，已成为全球生产和商业活动的重要结点、带动地区经济发展的引擎，不断地吸引着众多航空业相关行业聚集到其周围，日渐成为21世纪城市发展的重要驱动力。

DayStar works on the principle that even minute modifications of the solar material could help create flexible, efficient, and lightweight solar cells for commercial and military customers. Applications range from portable power units to high-altitude airships (for cellular telephony and related communications). In particular, CIGS-based solar cells are extremely resistant to harsh conditions and are considered 'self repairing' accounting for their unusually long lifespan, making them well suited for near space and orbital applications.

日星严谨的工作致力于太阳能电池的完善，按照柔性高效轻便的原则，甚至是极细微的一些改造都不放过，以求最大限度的满足商业和军事的客户要求；其应用范围从便携动力单元到高空飞艇或移动电话和其他相关通讯设施，尤其特别的是，CIGS太阳能电池对各种苛刻环境的高适应性和自我修补性非常之好，这建筑于这类电池特别的长寿特性，使得他们能用于外太空的一些应用上

On this basis, China's commercial banks on debit card development of innovative proposals.

在此基础上，并对我国商业银行借记卡发展提出创新性的建议。

Then positively ana.lyzed transmission effect of monetary policy of China in recent years, and with relative theories, discussed rr~ore deeply the existing principal problems on transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in our state under the realistic institutional situation of economy and finance:(1)Monetary policy tools lag behind the economic and financil background;(2)Separated and uneven money markets, the lack of transaction agents and defect in the relation between money markets and c~potal markets, have rendered the transaction of monetary policy lack on effective channel;(3)over-speculating, illegal operation and insufficient competition have severely weakened the transmission fumction;(4) systematic defect of state -owned commercial bank, asymmetry between financial and economic composition have made monetary policy lose an effective carrier;(5) factors beyond the financial system, such as soft cornstraint over state - owned enterprises policy decision, imperfect social insurance system, etc.

接下来对我国近年来的货币政策传导效果进行了实证分析，在此基础上运用相关传导机制理论并结合我国实际经济、金融制度与环境论述了我国当前货币政策传导机制的主要问题：（1）货币政策工具相对于经济、金融环境显得落后；（2）货币市场的分割、不平衡、交易主体不全以及货币市场与资本市场的联系机制缺位使得货币政策缺乏一个有效的场所；（3）资本市场特别是股票市场的过渡投机、违规操作以及不充分竞争严重地削弱了证券市场的传导功能；（4）国有商业银行现行体制的缺陷，金融结构与经济结构的非对称使得货币政策传导受阻；(5)金融体系外的因素（如国企决策行为软约束、社会保障制度不健全）。

Then positively ana.lyzed transmission effect of monetary policy of China in recent years, and with relative theories, discussed rr~ore deeply the existing principal problems on transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in our state under the realistic institutional situation of economy and finance:(1)Monetary policy tools lag behind the economic and financil background;(2)Separated and uneven money markets, the lack of transaction agents and defect in the relation between money markets and c~potal markets, have rendered the transaction of monetary policy lack on effective channel;(3)over-speculating, illegal operation and insufficient competition have severely weakened the transmission fumction;(4) systematic defect of state -owned commercial bank, asymme try between financial and economic composition have made monetary policy lose an effective carrier;(5) factors beyond the financial system, such as soft cornstraint over state - owned enterprises' policy decision, imperfect social insurance system, etc.

接下来对我国近年来的货币政策传导效果进行了实证分析，在此基础上运用相关传导机制理论并结合我国实际经济、金融制度与环境论述了我国当前货币政策传导机制的主要问题：（1）货币政策工具相对于经济、金融环境显得落后；（2）货币市场的分割、不平衡、交易主体不全以及货币市场与资本市场的联系机制缺位使得货币政策缺乏一个有效的场所；（3）资本市场特别是股票市场的过渡投机、违规操作以及不充分竞争严重地削弱了证券市场的传导功能；（4）国有商业银行现行体制的缺陷，金融结构与经济结构的非对称使得货币政策传导受阻；(5)金融体系外的因素（如国企决策行为软约束、社会保障制度不健全）。

In this paper, both quantitative method and logical discursion are applied. After analyzing the influence of tax-burden on banks' operating in an all-round way, based on the data(1996-2007)of seven commercial banks that have been listed. The paper makes an empirical study on the correlation between the tax-burden and the profitability of commercial banks.

本文采用理论与实证结合的方法，在对我国现行银行税负对银行经营影响的一般分析基础上，利用我国七家已上市商业银行1996-2007年的数据对银行税收负担与银行盈利能力的关系进行了实证检验。

At first, it displays the practice in China, and then in-depth analyzes the problems in the system.

本章首先介绍了商业银行经济资本管理体系的现状，并在此基础上深入分析了其存在的各种问题。

There is a divarication between us when we finally make everything in track and build up the financial link to get the benefits.

当我们终于让一切走上正轨并且在完整的商业链中牟利之后，我们之间的分歧也就产生了。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。