商业上

At present, for economic benefits, the city space environment about commercial buildings exist some ubiquitous problems that are "isolation, homophyly and unilateralism".

目前，由于经济利益的驱动，导致城市商业建筑空间环境普遍存在"孤立性、雷同性、片面性"的问题，使得商业建筑之间、商业建筑与城市之间在功能、空间与形态上漠然对立，无法形成有机的整体。

"Father of the Commercial Olympics",the American,Peter. Ueberroth (1937-),net only has he Successfully organred and planned the twenty-third Olympic Games in Los Angeles by taking different kinds of commercial measures and created a new history of holding the Olympics that has macle a profit instead of twening into profit,Suffering a loss but also he has opened a new epoch of the Olympics'commercialization.And he provided theoriotical accumulation and practical expenence for the starting and development of the commercial Olympics. All these have made him an commercial person of great inflnence in the development of the Olympic games.

"商业奥运之父"美国人比特·尤伯罗斯(1937—今)运用各种商业措施成功地组织、筹划了第23届洛杉矶奥运会，创造了举办奥运会扭亏为盈的历史，开创了奥运会商业化的先河，为商业奥运的开创和发展提供了理论积累和实践经验，成为奥林匹克运动发展史上具有较大影响的重要人物。

The result shows that, the Direct Power Supply Model is inexorable selection of the whole social and economic development and the Yangtze River Power Corporation development. It also assesses one proposed strategy and finds that the active participation in price competition for networking, may help display the obvious low cost advantage of the hydropower enterprise, and the strive for direct power supply may afford more opportunity for the low cost enterprise to touch some of the end users. This not only helps to break the monopolized (currently an actually single agent) power purchase system, but also creates a policy advantage which helps the local areas to directly use the local water resources to develop large industries (for adjusting the industrial structure, increasing employment and especially for the relocation of emigrants). It also helps to develop the regional economy. Besides, this strategy will also promote the cooperation with other related enterprises, and thus promote the development of a multiple-element industry. Because the Direct Power Supply Model can make the low cost hydropower firm master partly terminal customers, then it is a normous chance for the low cost hydropower firm.

研究结果表明，直供电商业经营模式是中国整个社会经济发展和长江电力公司企业发展的必然要求和选择，在理论和实践也是切实可行的；直供电商业模式不局限于定向"电力公司"——电网购电客户，也应可约定直接向大用户，这样可以使低成本的水电公司有机会掌握部分终端客户，这除了可以打破当前实质上的单一主体的垄断购电体制外，还可以为直接利用当地水能资源、发展大工业、调整产业结构、增加就业尤其是安置移民、进而创造相当的政策性优势，进而促进区域经济发展，同时，还将有利于促进本企业与有关企业合作，发展相关多元化产业；由于直供电商业经营模式可以让低成本的水电公司掌握部分终端客户，所以对低成本的水电公司是一个巨大的机遇。

At present, pushing the indirect mercantile agency system forward is completely necessary, although there is the prescription of the relevant indirect mercantile agency system in China, it is absolute incompatible with the actual indirect mercantile agency system, this leads to the mess of the laws on the actual cases.

当前我国推行商业间接代理制是十分必要的，虽然我国有相关的商业间接代理制的规定，但是与现行实际中的商业间接代理制却十分不适应，造成了在具体案例适用法律上的混乱。

This paper theoretically analyzes four major factors affecting commercial bank's choice in organizational models of multinational operation and creates a Probit model with 100 commercial banks' business data in Eastern Europe and Latin America to test the influence of those factors on commercial bank's choice.

本文从理论上分析了可能对商业银行跨国经营模式产生影响的四类因素，并应用全球最大的100家商业银行在东欧和拉美地区的业务数据，建立离散因变量模型，研究各类因素对商业银行跨国经营模式选择的影响。

Based on the research of current situation of risk management of capital allocation for commercial banks both at home and abroad at present, this paper put forward a unified VaR theory framework and model by using reserve for bad debts, capital at risk and deposit insurance system. The reserve for bad debts, capital at risk and deposit insurance system are used to execute grading risk prevention and to develop a comprehensive quantification method that executing risk management to commercial banks.

因此，在对目前国内外商业银行资本配置风险管理现状进行研究的基础上，本文提出了包含损失准备金、风险资本和存款保险的商业银行资本配置风险管理的统一的VaR理论框架和模型，用损失准备金、风险资本、存款保险制度来分级防范风险，并在此理论框架和模型下发展出完整的从资本配置的角度对商业银行进行风险管理的量化方法。

On the basis of it, this paper applied the SWOT model to evaluate the insurance's function in operation risk management.

在此基础上，本文对保险在商业银行操作风险管理中的应用进行了SWOT分析，对保险在商业银行操作风险管理中发挥的作用作了系统、客观的评价，得出保险这一现代金融工具在商业银行操作风险管理中有着巨大的优势。

This article makes construct of pedestrian streets In chongqing has firm theroy basis and frondose、directioning advice,and describe a especial menu of trate pedestrian streets with the traits of chongqing by analysing and studing space and entironment of trade pedestrian streets In chongqing.

本文通过以上三个方面对重庆的商业步行街的空间环境的分析研究，使重庆的商业步行街建设有了坚实的理论基础、具体的指导性的建议，并且在此基础上描绘了一幅具有重庆地方特色的商业步行街的独特画面。

Cao Guowei: The atmosphere that is brought up in one's childhood, actually I also am born in the Great Cultural Revolution, so we what doesn't the person that that time is born have actually too much the atmosphere that be in business, should for Shanghai whole environment is opposite China elsewhere for, I feel commercial breath or the commercial consciousness of people is stronger, this may have bit of effect, but I feel very much or the environment in grown the following very much education, job, can my whole business side the sort of no matter be recognizant it may not be a bad idea, experience it may not be a bad idea, can edify come out, be in especially sina I feel on this platform is very big to my help.

曹国伟：小时候长大的氛围，其实我也是在文化大革命出生的，所以我们那个年代出生的人其实并没有什么太多经商的氛围，应该来说上海整个环境相对中国其它地方来说，我觉得商业气息或者人们的商业意识是比较强的，这可能有点影响，但我觉得很多还是在长大以后的很多教育、工作的环境，能够把我整个的商业方面那种不管是意识也好、经验也好，能够熏陶出来，尤其在新浪这个平台上我觉得对我的帮助是非常大的。

The main contributions of this research lie in that, Firstly, with reference to major research in this field, the study does not confine itself to the common methods used. With the study of the foundermental financial institutions as a starting analysis point, it helps to broaden the view of international academic research on operational risks, and deepen the understanding of the intensions, characteristics and attributes of commercial banking operational risks. Secondly, studying operational risks on the basis of the unique economic and institutional conditions of China and utilizing the concept of operational risks to redissect the risk structure of SOBs contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the root risk structure of China's financial risks and the practical difficulties encountered in the governance of SOBs. It also helps to implore how to combine the international standard rules with the economic development and the financial system reform.

本研究的主要意义在于：第一，博采众长，不拘泥于现有银行风险研究方法，从对基本金融制度的探讨展开分析，有助于拓宽学术界研究操作风险的视角，同时也深化了对商业银行操作风险的内涵、特征和属性的认识；第二，立足中国国情研究操作风险，利用操作风险概念重新解析国有商业银行风险结构，有助于更全面地理解中国金融风险的深层结构和中国国有银行治理的真正困难，为探索如何将国际通行规则与中国经济发展和金融体制改革有机结合开辟了新思路；第三，在理论研究和实证研究的基础上，为商业银行操作风险管理和监管部门监管提供对策，对于操作风险管理和监管的现实操作具有借鉴意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。