商业

This can be explained by limited rations of commercial banks, avoiding risk, departures of expectative economic environments from monetary policy aims, the existence of bureaus asymmetric information, and the behavior games between commercial banks and the bureaus, etc.

此种现象可以由商业银行的有限理性、风险规避、对经济环境的预期与货币政策意图不一致、和货币当局信息不对称的存在以及商业银行与货币当局的行为博弈中得到解释。

First, this gives birth to sovereign credit risk; Second, this results in the exterior problem of the property right structure of state-owned commercial banks which destroys the incentive and restrictive functions of property right; Third, the administration put on state-owned commercial banks excludes the supervision implemented by central bank.

其结果是：第一，导致了国家信用制度风险的产生；第二，造成了国有商业银行二重产权结构下的外部性问题，破坏了产权的激励与约束功能；第三，政府对国有商业银行的行政式管理排斥中央银行监管。

Secondly, this paper briefly introduces the development background of western commercial banks and analyzes the development course of their intermediary business both interiorly and exteriorly, and concludes the international references for the development of intermediary business of commercial banks through analysis of current development of intermediary business of western commercial banks.

然后，通过对中国金融年鉴近五年的数据，对我国13家商业银行的损益表进行了深入分析，揭示出我国与西方商业银行相比，中间业务在品种开发、中间业务收费、收入所占比重、管理等方面都存在一定差距。

For the problems during extinguishments at the initial stage of fire,a fire extinguishment system model at initial stage of fire in commercial buildings is designed.

初期灭火是遏制商业建筑火灾的最佳时机，针对商业建筑火灾初期灭火过程中出现的问题，构建系统模型进行分析。

The cash is a business felloe lubricant, there is no enough lubricant, the machine stops an operation because of rubbing, have no enough the business activity of cash is also such, but because the cash belongs to not income a property, so reserve cash of the cost is very expensive, cash's holding to have quantity will reduce its latent income over the company of lowest request, so the cash management is very professional with height meticulous of work.

现金是商业车轮的润滑油，没有足够的润滑油，机器因磨擦而停止运转，没有足够现金的商业活动也是如此，但是由于现金属于非收益性资产，所以保留现金的成本非常昂贵，现金持有量超过最低要求的公司将减少其潜在收益，所以现金管理是非常专业和高度细致的工作。

However, risk is in the middle of the commercial bank behavior research but did not get the full and accurate reflection always, so can't reveal the behavior of the commercial bank fittingly.

然而，风险在商业银行行为研究当中却始终没有得到充分的、准确的反映，所以无法恰当地揭示商业银行的行为。

In order to keep up with the advanced approaches which international banks use nowadays, in this paper we present a new credit risk rating model, based on Principal Components and fizzy BP nerve network.

本文在对我国商业银行当前信用评级过程中存在的问题的认识和国内外相关研究成果的比较分析的基础上，提出了构建我国商业银行信用风险预警模型，所选用的研究方法有主成分分析法、模糊BP神经网络法。

In the end, there is a brief conclusion . The conclusion of this passage mainly includes: The listed companies have obvious preference for stock right financing, and the financing order is stock right financing, the short-term debt, endogenous financing, the long-term debt, which differs from that of western countries; Financing structure is characterized by comparatively lower asset-liability rate, higher floating debt and lower long-term debt; The governance structure is irrational, and the shareholders" meeting perform practically no function. In the meanwhile, board of director structure is unreasonable, which is highly coincident with the manager layer. Board of supervisors" independent character is poor, while manager layer is lacking in restraints and supervision; The interdynamic

本文的结论：上市公司有明显的股权融资偏好，融资顺序为股权融资、短期负债、内源融资、长期负债，这与西方国家上市公司的融资顺序不同；融资结构具有资产负债率相对较低，流动负债偏高、长期负债偏低的特征；治理结构不合理，股东大会形同虚设、董事会结构不合理、董事会与经理层高度重合、监事会独立性不强、经理层缺乏约束与监督；治理结构与融资策略选择的互动关系不强；独立董事比例与资产负债率正相关，工业、公用事业与资产负债率负相关，商业与流动负债率正相关，第一大股东持股比例与流动负债率负相关，第一大股东持股比例与长期负债率正相关，执行董事比例、工业、商业与长期负债率负相关。

On export trade or export commerce with foreign nations, of a person engaged in such trade or commerce in the United States; and

与外国之间的进口贸易或进口商业，某人在美国从事这类贸易或商业；和

Since the economic opening to the world, many theories and methods of risk management of international banks have gone to china, and evaded Chinese banks to accelerate their reform and development. They have made a greater effort and minded much more to risk management, and foreshorten the distance to international advanced banks.

实施对外开放以来，国际银行风险管理的理念、方法不断涌入中国，推动了国内商业银行加快改革和发展的步伐，商业银行风险管理得到了前所未有的重视和加强，与国际先进银行的差距不断缩小。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。