唯物主义

The War Diaries (1939-1940), Being and Nothingness (1943), Anti-Semite and Jew (1946),"Existentialism is a Humanism"(1946),"Materialism and Revolution"(1946), Notebooks for an Ethics (1947-1948), Search for a Method (1954), Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960), and "Notes on Ethics"(1964-1965) are representative examples.

战争日记（1939-1940）、存在与虚无（1943）、反犹太人和犹太教（1946）、存在主义是人道主义（1946）、唯物主义和革命（1946）、伦理学笔记（1947-1948）、方法论研究（1954）、辩证理性批判（1960）、伦理学笔记（1964-1965）就是其中的一些代表作。

First, having experienced World War twice and a variety of economic and political crisis , making participators and witnesses have to reconsider human being' behavior profoundly; Second, the easygoing life people have lived since the beginning of history which follows the established, national, graded and familial tradition outmoded conventions collapsed with the prompt development of modern science and technology, which makes human being reconsider their own way of subsistence and nature again; Thirdly, at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th centuries, the school of materialism, empiricism, the side of naturalism and the side of idealism, apriorism, and spiritualism all realized they have ignored the research on human being's self, thereby the contradictions of different understanding of human being become extraordinarily obvious and pungent

第一，人类历经了两次世界大战和种种经济、政治危机，这使参与者和目击者不得不反思人类的这些行为；第二，人们自有史以来的那种不慌不忙的，按既定的、民族的、等级的、家族的传统陈规所进行的生活，随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展而迅速互解，这不能不使人类重新审视自己的生存方式和本性；第三，在19世纪末20世纪初，唯物主义、经验主义、自然主义一方与唯心主义、先验论、唯灵论一方都意识到自己忽视了对人类自身的研究，从而对人的理解的对立变得异常突出和尖锐起来

Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomic structure of matter.

德谟克利特是最早的唯物主义哲学家之一，也是最早的原子论创始人之一。

Epicurus (341-270 BC), an atomist, founded a philosophical school in Athens in 306 BC.

伊壁鸠鲁公元前342 -270，古希腊杰出唯物主义和无神论者

However, after three journeys in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, he became disenchanted with the materialism of the Bolsheviks.

然而，经过3个行程，在苏联于20世纪20年代，他成为幻想与唯物主义的布尔什维克。

But we have not yet learned to manage our materialism and carnality properly they are still entangled with the desire for ownership .

但是我们还没有学会如何驾驭我们的唯物主义和淫荡欲望，他们仍然受着占有欲的支配。

The dissertation,under the guidance of historic materialism and by means of combiningtheoretical and positivist analysis,employs the method of analysis in institutional economics so as todissect the composition and interaction of social forces and displays the changes of social structure andthe process of social institutions in rural China of different periods.

论文以历史唯物主义为指导，借鉴制度经济学的分析方法，通过理论分析和实证分析相结合，深度剖析不同时段（以公社体制突破后为重心）乡村中国的社会力量组合和交易情形，动态地展示乡村中国的社会结构变动和社会组织演进过程，力图揭示乡村组织演进中的困境和走出困境的路径。

The author analyzes the formation of the theory in terms of its theory origin, philosophical base and practice foundation, with a conclusion that Deng Xiaoping"s theory has been anteceded by Mao Zedong"s theory, with a matter-of-fact attitude and a permeance of historical materialism and materialist dialectics. The practice of political and ideological education from the establishment of the CPC until the Third Central Committee Meeting of the Eleventh Plenary Central Committee of the CPC is a historical precedent condition; the practice since the Reform and Open Policy is a realistic factor; and Deng Xiaopings own practice of political and ideological education is also an very important condition.

主要从邓小平新时期思想政治教育理论形成的理论来源、哲学基础和实践基础、三个角度论述邓小平新时期思想政治教育理论的形成，阐明邓小平新时期思想政治教育理论是和革命导师特别是毛泽东的思想政治教育理论一脉相承的，实事求是是其灵魂，历史唯物主义和唯物辩证法贯穿于这一理论的各个方面，中国共产党成立到十一届三中全会以前近六十年党的思想政治教育实践是其形成的历史依据，改革开放以来党的思想政治教育实践是其形成的现实依据，邓小平长期的思想政治教育实践是其形成的重要条件。

The Tao of Laozi is the entia of the rule and the essence of the corporality world. Its basic character is materialistic. But it has some diathesis of the mentalism.

老子的道作为物质性的世界规律和本质的统一体，其基本性质是唯物主义的，但也包含着某些唯心主义的因素。

In this new field of theory, the construction of historical materialism at a deeper level and the critical analysis of the logic of capital are of equal significance.

在这一新的理论视域中，历史唯物主义的深层建构与资本逻辑的批判分析有着相同的理论意义。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。