唯名论

First we will survey a range of Nominalist theories.

首先我们检查一系列的唯名论理论。

In a way, this challenge to conceptual analysis is related to a nominalist critique, which will be considered in greater length in Part III.

在某种程度上，这一对概念分析的质疑是与唯名论者的批判相关的，这将在第三部分进行详细地考量。

But remember, being red is what the Nominalist is trying to explain in the first place, and so we can't use being red to guide set construction.

但是，'是红的'本身是唯名论所试图解释的，所以我们不能使用红去引导对集合的组成。

This nominalist claim relies on our prior understanding of the word 'blue'.

这个唯名论的主张，依赖于我们对语词"蓝"的在先理解。

A nominalist can claim that the same fact is also stated in this way: 'Each blue thing is a colored thing.

一个唯名论者能主张说，这相同的事实也可以这样陈述：每个蓝东西，是一个有色的东西。

The nominalist refuses all further explanation here.

唯名论者在这里拒绝所有进一步的解释。

This can be seen to be a nominalist attack on conceptual theory: there is no category 'law', 'law' is whatever we want it to be, so it is a strange exercise at best to wonder about the 'nature' or 'essential nature' of something we have constructed (and could construct a different way if we so choose).

这可能被看作是唯名论对于概念理论的攻击：并不存在"法律"的范畴，"法律"是我们想让它称为法律的任何东西，因此，想要知道某种我们建构的（并且只要我们想，就可以以另一种方式建构）东西的"性质"或"必要的性质"，这充其量是一种奇怪的实践。

In addition to the responses to the nominalist critique that will be considered at that point, one might add, 'the concept of law' has an advantage over 'the concept of the good', in that there is an identifiable set of practices and institutions to ground our discussions.29 The concept of law cannot easily be accused of being an entirely mysterious entity, made up by metaphysicians in their spare time.30

除了对于唯名论者批判的回应以外，人们可能补充道，"法律的概念"比"善的概念"具有更多的有点，因为它存在可以作为我们讨论基础的可辨识的实践和制度。［29］法律的概念不能被轻易地指责是一个由形而上学主义者在余暇时间所构建的难以理解的实体。

Another Nominalist strategy is to collect individuals into sets based on resemblance relations, and then account for qualitative identity and resemblance by appeal to commonalities of set membership.

另一个唯名论策略是，基于相似关系而把殊相个体归入集合，然后诉诸集合成员的公共东西来说明性质的等同和相似。

The viewpoint of realist was that they admit the objective existence of various objects and properties, while the nominalist thought that the only feature that particulars falling under the same general term have in common is that they coverd by the same term.

在这场争论中，唯名论者的观点是，共相不是独立存在的，共相后于事物，共相只是事物的"名称"或人们语言的"声息"，真实存在的只有个别事物；实在论者则断言，共相是真实存在的。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。