唯名论

Abelard joined in the controversy between realists and nominalists in medieval time.

阿贝拉尔参与了中世纪唯名论与实在论之间关于共相的争论。

This thesis inductively points out where the logicians did not satisfied with the theory of type mainly lies in two points, the axiom of reducibility first and the vicious-circle principle second. This thesis has discussed Ramsay's improvements as well as the criticism from Godel. Then, it observes that they two had a common view, viz. rejecting the vicious-circle principle from the points of Realism. Against Russell's insisting on this principle, such a rejecting seems so distinguished, which, this thesis argued, was the deep difference between Realism and Nominalism shedding on the reality of classes.

文中主要探讨了莱姆塞对类型论所做的改进以及哥德尔对类型论的批评，指出这二者的共同点是从实在论的立场来拒斥恶性循环原则，他们对恶性循环原则的拒斥同罗素对它的坚持形成了鲜明的对比，本文认为，这种对比所反映出来的差别实际上就是在类的实在性问题上实在论和唯名论的差别。

Attempts to solve this problem divide into three broad strategies: Realism, Nominalism, and Conceptualism.

对这些问题的解决，区分为三类宽泛的策略：实在论的『唯实论的』，唯名论的，概念论的。

Since nominalism dispenses with universals, it seems to have none of the troubles that we have been considering.

因为唯名论去除了共相，似乎也就没有了由于肯定共相而带来的所有问题。

Philosophy Of or relating to nominalism.

唯名论的：属于或关于唯名论的

Whether Trope Nominalism improves on earlier Nominalist theories is the subject of much recent debate.

是否'殊质唯名论『Trope Nominalism』'完善了早期的唯名论，这是最近争论的一个主题。

Whether or not the nominalist position about this is acceptable, the nominalist paraphrasing tactic to avoid commitment to the existence of universals while explaining the truth of sentences seemingly about universals sometimes fails.

无论关于这个的唯名论立场是否可以接受，唯名论的改写策略（避开对共相存在的承诺，而解释关于共相的语句的真）有时会错，其他关于共相的语句不能按改写'蓝是颜色'的方式进行解释。

The nominalist-realist controversy became prominent in the late 11th and 12th centuries, the nominalist position being expounded by the Scholastic Roscelin, and the realist by the Scholastics Bernard of Chartres and William of Champeaux.

在唯名论现实主义的争议成为突出的后期第11和12世纪，唯名论的立场正在阐述Roscelin的学术和现实主义的Scholastics伯纳德的沙特尔和威廉Champeaux 。

The defense of nominalism undertaken by the 14th-century English Scholastic philosopher William of Ockham prepared the way for various modern nominalistic theories such as those of instrumentalism, pragmatism, semantics, and logical positivism.

国防部的唯名论所进行的14世纪英语学校哲学家奥卡姆的威廉准备的方式为各种现代唯名论的理论，如工具，务实，语义，和逻辑实证。

DM Armstrong, Universals and Scientific Realism: Nominalism and Realism, I; FJ Copleston, History of Philosophy, III; RA Eberle, Nominalistic Systems; R. Seeberg, Text-book of the History of Doctrines, II.

马克阿姆斯特朗，共性和科学实在：唯名论与现实主义，我；福建Copleston ，哲学史，三；类风湿性关节炎埃贝勒，唯名论系统；河西贝尔格，文字书史的理论，二。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。