哺乳动物

This factor is highly conserved in mammalian animals and only one heterozygous LIF mutation was reported to cause the infertility of women.

LIF在所有的哺乳动物中都具有高度的保守性，某些氨基酸在不同物种中保持不变。 LIF中29位氨基酸在所有的哺乳动物中都是Q。

Glioma is still one of refractory disease in the neurosurgical field; the development of new primary and adjuvant treatment is vital. Recently, the gene therapy of glioma is developed rapidly and there are many methods about the gene therapy that include: suicide gene therapy, immunologic gene therapy, drug resistangce gene therapy, angiostatin gene therapy and so on. The sucide gene therapy is the most potential approach of antitumer, these nonmammalian genes encode enzyme that convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metablites. Cells transfected with suicide genes are targeted for specific negative selection, witch can be induced by administrtion of the corresponding produg. Among the enzyme/produg combinations, two of the best characterized system are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase /ganciclovir and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase /5-flourocytosine (5-FC). The formor can convert the antiviral nucleoside analogs acyclovir , ganciclovir to their nucleoside monophosphate derivatives, the monophosphate forms are subsequently phosphorylated by endogenus cellular kinases to triphosphates, these molecules are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

近年来脑胶质瘤的基因治疗发展迅速，应运而生的方法有自杀基因、免疫基因、多药耐药基因以及抗血管生成基因等，其中自杀基因被认为是最有前景的基因治疗方法，它又称病毒介导的酶／药物前体疗法，是利用转基因技术将哺乳动物细胞中所不含有的自杀基因转入到哺乳动物肿瘤细胞中，该基因表达的产物可将无毒的药物前体转化为毒性药物，从而选择性杀伤该肿瘤细胞，常用的自杀基因有单纯疱疹病毒-胸苷激酶基因和大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因，前者催化无毒性抗病毒核苷类似物如丙氧鸟苷、无环鸟苷等成为单磷酸核苷衍生物，然后在内源性细胞激酶作用下转化为具有明显毒性的三磷酸核苷，作为DNA合成链的终止剂和DNA合成酶的抑制剂，干扰细胞DNA的合成；后者编码的胞嘧啶脱氨酶可催化5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）脱氨成为5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU），然后代谢为有毒性的5-氟尿嘧啶-5′三磷酸（5-FUTP）和5-氟-2′脱氧尿嘧啶-5′磷酸（5-FdUTP），5-FUTP通过与UTP竞争性结合而抑制mRNA和tRNA的合成，5-FdUTP则作用于胸苷合成酶，导致TMP衰竭而阻止DNA的合成，最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

Here we describe a gene in the plant pathogen Streptomyces turgidiscabies that encodes a NOS homologue, and we reveal its role in nitrating a dipeptide phytotoxin required for plant pathogenicity.

氮氧化物在哺乳动物的细胞信号作用和免疫响应中发挥重要功能，当基因组测序研究显示细菌同哺乳动物一样也存在&氮氧化物合成酶&时，似乎可以说，氮氧化物在细菌中也可能扮演类似角色。

Part I. Molecular Characterization of HIV-1 genome by using fission yeast as a model systemAs a fungus, S. pombe has many features mimicking mammalian cells. Most of proteins have same functions in S.pombe cells and mammalian cells.

第一部分以S.pombe为模型对HIV-1全基因组的研究 S.pombe是与哺乳动物细胞非常相似的一种真菌，各种真核细胞蛋白在S.pombe细胞和哺乳动物细胞中的功能基本相似。

Any of several herbivorous mammals of the family Procaviidae within the order Hyraoidea of Africa and adjacent Asia,resembling woodchucks or similar rodents but more closely related to the hoof ed mammals.

非洲蹄兔非洲和相邻亚洲部分的蹄兔目的蹄兔科的几种食草哺乳动物的任何一种，类似土拨鼠或相似的啮齿动物，但是更与有蹄的哺乳动物接近

Among these significant advances has been the ability to alter the genetic constitution of eggs by pronuclear and nuclear transfer as well as by the introduction of specific cloned genes into eggs and embryos.

近年来，应用于研究哺乳动物卵子和胚胎新的实验方法已有重大发展，为深入研究哺乳动物胚胎学提供了前所未有的重要手段。

Ocean cradlers Critters like sea lions needing a little extra help will now get it, at the M arine M ammal C enter's we去掉 re vamped 32 million dollar hospital and emergency room in northern California.

像海豹那样的海洋生物需要一些善意的帮助才能够存活下来。在海洋哺乳动物中心我们花费三千二百万美元用于修缮北加利福尼亚州的动物医疗室和急救室。都将在加利福尼亚州北部的海洋哺乳动物中心得到额外的帮助。中心耗资320万美元，改建了医院和急救室。

A method of potentiating the immunity of mammals and promoting the growth thereof without causing any troubles in safety, working properties, etc.

本发明目的在于提供一种在安全性、可操作性等方面不存在问题的能够增强哺乳动物免疫力并促进哺乳动物生长的方法。

It is possible to have repeated entries in one of the lists but care should be taken to make the repeats identical. For example " Identify the type of these creatures " with the lists " Ant, Cow, Dog, Sparrow " and " Insect, Mammal, Mammal, Bird ".

在列表里可以重复项目但要注意要使重复一致，例如&辨别这些生物的型态&这个列表&蚂蚁、母牛、狗、麻雀&及&昆虫、哺乳动物、哺乳动物、鸟类&。

Modern mammals divide into three overarching groups: the placentals, the marsupials and the monotremes (the egg-laying platypus and echidnas).

现代哺乳动物可被划分为三种主要的群体：胎盘哺乳动物(大多数物种都属于这一类，包括人类)、有袋动物与单孔目动物。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。