哲学体系

This thesis is a problematic study of Spinoza's philosophy with the emphasis on the systematicstructure and several puzzles.

本论文是对斯宾诺莎哲学的问题研究，研究的重点是体系结构和若干难题。

Under the guidance of Marxism philosophy, Qian Xuesen creatively proposed a modern scientific and technological system using theories of practice and systematology.

钱学森以马克思主义哲学为指导，运用实践论、系统论的观点，创造性地提出了现代科学技术体系结构。

James fights all kinds of rationalism since its theory is superficial; its system is closed; and it shows us a static world, which has no practical life, no conflicts in it. Actually, the world is unfit for the true world, which is open, unperfect, and we live in it effectly.

詹姆士反对一切形式的理性主义，认为理性主义的哲学思想是肤浅的，所提供的理论体系是封闭的，所描绘的绝对统一的世界是没有实际生活、没有矛盾的、静态的世界，这与现实的、开放的、不完善的宇宙不相符合。2。

The aesthetic system of Schopenhauer is based upon the idealistic philosophy of voluntarism, meaning that all phenomena of beauty are the presentational forms of the objective nature of Ideas.

叔本华的美学体系直接建立在他的唯意志论的唯心主义的哲学之上。认为一切美的现象都是理念的客体本质的表象形态。

Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design.

达尔文的科学方法也是有争议的，他的支持者赞成约翰·斯图亚特·密尔《逻辑体系》的经验主义；而他的反对者支持威廉·休厄尔《归纳技巧的哲学》的唯心主义学派，这一学派认为研究可以首先从物种是依设计被创造的、固定的东西这一直观事实出发。

Third,from the aspect of logic and thinking,thinks of the logic of analogism and" foundation of neutral thinking and the" body and function philosophical structure.

第三，从逻辑与思想的角度，思考了《乐记》的&比类&逻辑体系、&中和&思想基础和&体用&哲学结构。

A natural anxiety to escape the awful consequences of determining a particular act to be mortally sinful, and a desire, equally intelligible, to assist the Roman Catholic Church in its conflict with Protestantism by disburthening it of an inconvenient theory, were the motives which impelled the authors of the Casuistical philosophy to the invention of an elaborate system of criteria, intended to remove immoral actions, in as many cases as possible, out of the category of mortal offences, and to stamp them as venial sins.

迫使诡辩哲学的著者发明一套精密的规范体系，以便在尽量把不道德行为从不可赦犯罪的范畴中移出来，并把它们定为可赦之罪，其动机之一是出于一种自然的渴望，想要避免把一种特定行为定为不可赦罪的可怕后果，另一种动机是出于一种同样地可以体会的愿望，就是为天主教会解除一种不便的理论，来帮助罗马天主教会在和基督新教进行的冲突中取得胜利。

The social level structure is defined from its basic conception, in-depth meaning and characteristics. The term refers to a functional being and social reality, a unity of physical space and value space as well as connectional and theoretical existence. Viewed from the perspective of political philosophy, the social level structure is a political sovereignty grading or ladder in a state who values the supremacy of sovereignty, penetrating into economic, cultural and social fields, universally forming social relationship. Based on general social structure, social system and political sovereignty, the social level structure is an abstractly summary of social hierarchy which is neither a copy of political structure nor simply addition of economic, cultural and social structure. The social level structure is long hidden but universally existing, deeply affecting and shaping social system, people's life and thinking. Based on the above, the thesis probes the social foundation, evolutional law, fundamental quality, running mechanism, historical function, current significant and the reform necessity.

从社会层级结构概念的基本规定、深层意蕴和性状表现三个方面界定社会层级结构概念，认为社会层级结构既是一种实体性存在和社会现实，也是一种观念性存在和理论构造，是物理空间和意义空间的统一；从政治哲学视野，社会层级结构是在政治国家内部按照权力至上的方式形成的权力级别或权力阶梯，并渗透到经济、文化、社会领域，形成具有普遍性的社会关系体系；它以总体社会结构为依托，以社会制度为外化，以政治权力为中轴；它既不是政治结构的翻版，不是社会阶层结构的别名，也不是经济、文化、社会结构的简单叠加，而是对它们层级性的一种抽象和概括；这种结构长期隐而不显，但却无处不在、无时不有，深深地影响和牢牢地控制着社会制度、人的生活和人的思维方式。

The second part makes an innovative study of the soul of traditional Chinese graphics in the respect of "shape","essence", and "implication". The first element to be emphasized is "shape", which is mainly concerned with lineal designs and convolute designs in traditional graphics, the main two ethical factors employed in traditional Chinese design. The "shape" is a relatively complete and minute system. What is included in "essence" is to convey the effect of lucency and artistic conception in traditional plastic art, which embodies traditional Chinese philosophy and its aesthetic taste. The "implication" part makes a detailed analysis of the informative function of the particular ethical graphics from the perspective of disseminative theory. The third part is my application of the three elements in designing.

第二部分是本文的创新之处，分别从&形&、&神&、&意&三方面对传统图形的精髓进行探讨，&形&主要提取了传统造型元素中的线和具有中国民族风格的构成形式——回旋形进行着重分析，有较为详细而完整的结构体系；&神&主要结合中国的传统哲学和审美思想对中国传统造型所追求的空灵、意境进行论述，&意&主要从传播学的角度对传统图形所特有的民族信息传达功能进行分析研究。

So, this dissertation dwells on the technical innovation of Chinese telecommunication industry, mainly discusses the technical innovation system and the choice of innovation strategy. According to the subject The Study of the technical innovation system and strategy in Chinese Telecommunication Industry, this dissertation tries to integrate the theory of management, economics and philosophy, and also uses many research methods to study dually from the theory to practice in order to obtain the innovative research production.

针对&我国电信产业技术创新体系与战略的研究&这一研究主题，本文尝试综合应用管理学、经济学与哲学等等多种学科理论，以及问题求解法、系统方法、综合创新法与比较分析法等多种研究方法对其进行从理论到实证的双重研究，以期获得关于这一研究主题的富有创新性的理论研究成果。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。