哲学上的

Masked under the guise of an externally sanctioned, absolute authority-----such as the "gods"-----or an internally sanctioned absolute authority----such as "mystical" experience----the unphilosophical mind deceives itself into thinking it has arrived at some final, certain knowledge, when in truth the mind has not arrived because there is no arrival; there is no authority; there is just the ever-evolving, living path called wisdom.

以表面的装腔作势为特色的那些绝对权威，诸如"众神"，或自以为"心有所感"的那些诸如体验之类，不过都是些毫无哲学素养的自欺欺人；他们以为自己达到了某个终点，获得了某些绝定不错的道理；而其内心实在无所得的时候，却又认为"本应无所得"；这世界上从来没有权威，有的只是不断的进化过程和我们自己的生活之道，它的名字叫智慧。

On the other hand , mices desperate struggle when dying expresses a strong death consciousness , but it is still in natural layer , which result it the division of feeling between lives and deaths . Axolotls sudden death rises to the philosophic layer , which achieves the graciousness and grace to all flesh , as well as a mood of pessimism and world-weariness .

蜜蜂的自然死亡给人提供了一种对死亡的日常自然的"亲切感"，死亡意识尚未突显出来；老鼠临死亡前的拼命挣扎喻示了一种强烈的死亡意识，但仍然是自然层次上的，导致死者与生者之间不能沟通；蝾螈的偶然之死则上升到对死亡的哲学思考，达到了对万物和众生的亲近感和慈悲心，但也带来一种悲观厌世的情绪。

The main point for our purposes now, however, is the fact that theories and philosophies of education arise as answers to these substantive questions and, apart from conceptual or definitional preliminaries like the above, consist of and are distinguished by their answers to them.

然而现在，我们目标的主要点在于，事实上有关教育的理论和哲学是作为这些实质性问题的答案出现的，并且除了象以上概念上的或明确的预备，它们通过相应的答案组成并被区分开来。

Because of their different mental qualities, character, disposition, experience, pursuit of life, knowledge and accompolishment, there were only a few writers, such as LuXun, Zhou Zuoren and HuShi, absorbed the essence of Buddhism's anti-onology and combined it with the anti-metaphysics ideological trend in western philosophy, broke the onology thought tradition—"heaven and human combine into one", freed themselves from the feudal dictatorialism, going on a spirital journey which clarified themselves.

由于精神禀赋、个性气质、生活经历、人生追求及学识修养的不同，二十年代作家中，只有鲁迅、周作人、胡适等少数人，理智地吸取了佛家般若空观中的怀疑与否定的反本体论思维精华，并把它与现代西方哲学中的反形而上学思维结合起来，打破&天人合一&的本体论思维传统，冲破封建独断论的束缚，走上了自我澄明的精神之旅。

In Chapter Five, I evaluate Feng Menglong"s view on education based on emotion. First, Feng Menglong emphasized "emotion" in his view on education influenced by philosophic idea -"Emotion is center" in late Ming Dynasty. Therefore his view was of distinct character of the time. Second, the purpose of Feng Menglong"s emphasizing emotion was not only to release natural desires of human beings but to find a new theoretical background for "Loyalty, Filiality, Morality and Justice" of Confucianism.

在前四章分析的基础上，我们应首先看到，冯梦龙&情教观&对&情&的肯定，深受晚明&主情论&哲学思潮的影响，因而呈现出鲜明的时代性；其次，我们还应当看到，冯梦龙肯定&情&的最终目的，在于为&忠孝节义&的儒家人伦寻找新的理论支点，而不仅仅为了张扬人的自然欲望，冯梦龙&情教观&标志着晚明时期&情&学思潮发展的转向，标志着&情&、&理&关系由对立渐趋融合。

Since it is established as an independent factor and the knowledge system about its generalness and general application is also established by scientific management theory and then becomes an organic part of traditional public administration theory, the uniformity in "management" among scientific management theory, the separation of politics and administration and rational bureaucratic organization theory constitutes management tradition of traditional public administration theory.

管理作为一个独立的功能要素的确立，到科学管理理论建立起关于管理的一般性和普适性知识体系并随之成为传统公共行政理论的有机成分，科学管理理论与政治－行政分离思想、理性官僚制组织理论在&管理&认识上的一致性，构成了传统公共行政理论的&管理&传统，这一传统在新公共管理范式中以具有哲学理论形态的&管理主义&或&新管理主义&的面貌出现，并赋予了&管理&以新的内涵。

From the point of philosophy,'one' means origin, an existence of common and irregulation, which meets with the idea of Laozi, a famous idealist in ancient China.

哲学意义上的&一&具有本原意义，是具有普遍性意义的无任何规定性的存在。这与老子&一&相似。&一&具有相对的稳定性、广泛的包容性和强烈的可变异性。&三&具有&类&的意义。

For that this table is extremely useful in the theoretical part of philosophy, and indeed is indispensable as supplying the complete plan of a whole science, so far as that science rests on a - priori concepts, and as dividing it systematically(2) according to P 116 determinate principles, is already evident from the fact that the table contains all the elementary concepts of the understanding in their completeness, nay, even the form of a system of them in the human understanding, and accordingly indicates B110 all the momenta of a projected speculative science, and even their order, as I have elsewhere* shown.

因为这个表在哲学的理论部分极其有用，而且在实际上，由于这表一方面就一种科学是以验前概念为依据而言，能提供全部科学的完整计划，另一方面又按照确定的原理，把这种科学加以系统地[22]划分，所以它又是不可缺少的。这可以从下面这个事实看得明白，即这表不仅包含有知性在其完整性上的一切基本概念，而且更包含着这些基本概念在人类知性里面的一个体系的形式，因而就指出所计划的思辨科学的一切节目，乃至指出这些节目的次序，如我在别处[23]所曾说明的那样。

Schmidt\'s understanding of Marx and Marxism emphasizes the social historical character of the concept of nature of Marx; And he argues that the philosophy of Marx aims at the criticism of "the second nature of nature" and the nonidentity of the subject and the object, because the biggest secret of the ideology lies in the identity, and in the philosophy the most core identity is the identity of the subject and the object, Schmidt reiterated ideology critique, which is the important subject of the Frankfurt school and even the entire West Marxism; He also elaborated the relation between Marx\'s natural view and the Marxian socialism theory.

他十分重视结合马克思的社会历史理论、经济理论来考察自然概念，充分强调马克思自然概念的社会历史特征；突出批判&第二自然&与坚持主客体非同一性问题，因为意识形态的最大秘密在于同一性，哲学上最核心的同一性就是主体与客体同一性，所以施密特重申了法兰克福学派乃至整个西方马克思主义的重要主题——意识形态批判；他阐述了马克思的自然观与马克思社会主义学说的关系，围绕人和自然的关系问题探讨了马克思和一切乌托邦的联系和区别。

To neglect the field of political thought, because its unstable subject matter, with its blurred edges, is not to be caught by the fixed concepts, abstract models, and fine instruments suitable to logic or to linguistic analysis--to demand a unity of method in philosophy, and reject whatever the method cannot successfully manage--is merely to allow oneself to remain at the mercy of primitive and uncriticized political beliefs.

如果我们认为：政治思想由于缺乏稳定的素材，界限不够清楚，无法用定型的概念、抽象的模式、或其他适用于逻辑或语言分析的精妙工具，来加以处理，因此就径自忽略了政治思想，也就是说，只在哲学上追求一种&方法的统一&，从而拒绝所有无法用这个方法加以处理的素材，那么，我们就等于是自暴自弃，放任一些原始幼稚的、未经批判的政治信仰，左右了我们的生活。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐