哲学

Schopenhauer appears in the Western philosophy stage as the representative of voluntarism. The will's negative thought is at the core of his philosophy, which is also the final destination of his philosophical thought.. what the world is and the negation of the will are the expressions of his whole philosophy.

叔本华是以唯意志主义的代表出现在西方哲学的舞台上的，意志的否定的思想在其哲学中具有核心地位，也是他的整个哲学思想的归宿，他对世界是什么的追问到意志的否定是他的整个哲学思想的表达。

Wundt'sestablishment of experimental psychology was a positivereaction to the theoretical crisis then faced by philosophydue to the end of philosophy's modern formulation.The Wundtianbrand of German psychology as a theoretical system wasdeveloped in philosophy's contemporary stmosphere but which,unfortunately,took philosophy's modern spirit as itsfoundation.Wundt's pychology as philosophy was thus doomed tobe out of date denied by the history of philosophy itself.

冯特心理学的理论企图，是想在现代哲学背景下，以自然科学的实证方法为依托，以它的"科学"形式为理想，建立一个以近代哲学精神为基础的理论体系，并因而构成心理学的一个相对独立的历史：它是哲学在尚未探明由其传统形式的终结而造成的理论危机的实质时以某种不得要领的新颖形式而兴起的；当哲学终于探明它的危机的实质并因而得以确立它的现代旨趣后，它便自然地趋于消亡。

The paper considers that urban planning methodology is composed with three parts. They are philosophy foundation, noetic methodology and operational methods. The philosophy foundation of urban planning methodology under the framework of multi-rationality composes of Marxist philosophy with materialistic dialectic and historical dialectic as the core, western philosophy such as humanism, verificationism, and historism etc., oriental philosophy centralized on synthesis and unison. The noetic methodology of urban includes micro logical noetic methods macro visual noetic methods and micro-macro creative noetic methods. The urban planning operational method includes the route, process and techniques needed in practice.

其中，城市规划方法的哲学基础是在总体的复合理性框架之下，由以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为核心的马克思主义哲学，人本主义、实证主义、历史主义等西方哲学以及强调综合调和、天人合一的东方哲学思想所构成；城市规划思维方法体系，是城市规划过程中思考问题的角度及处理问题的方法论的总和，包括微观的逻辑思维方法、宏观的形象思维方法和宏微结合的创造性思维方；城市规划操作方法体系是直接用于城市规划实践的方法归纳和概括，包括城市规划的方法路线、程序组织、技术方法等等。

Cheng explains the Chinese philosophy and, thereby, hasput forward the cosmic ontologism in which the nature and man are combinedin integrity, the intentionalism in which knowledge and value are integrated,the dialecticism of the confucianist mores, and mor...

本文从五个方面解析了成中英的新儒学思想，认为他的本体诠释学从多方面沟通了中西哲学，他对中国哲学进行解构，并提出天人合德的宇宙本体论、知识与价值合一的心性论和儒家道德的辩证观及管理哲学的伦理工程，努力达到对中国哲学的&重建&和&创新&，使之现代化，进而走向世界。

There formed an interpretational framework with four basic philosophical problems such as cosmology, ontology, and cultivation and perfection theory. All of them are connected with each other in theoretical relationship, this relationship make up the theoretical system that fit to most of the Oriental schools that belong to the practical philosophy.

这就是一套由工夫论、境界论、宇宙论、本体论的四个哲学基本问题所组成的解释体系，它的各个基本哲学理论之间是互有推演关系的，这个推演关系形成了属於实践哲学的东方哲学的各个学派理论内部的系统性架构。

The existence of Mao Zedong's Pedagogical Philosophy can be proved from two facts: One is the intersectant relationships between philosophy, pedagogy and pedagogical philosophy; The other is that Mao Zedong is a educationalist and he had a lot of educational practice.

毛泽东教育哲学的存在，可以从两方面得到证明。一方面，从哲学与教育学、教育哲学等学科的交叉关系中，我们可以看到毛泽东教育哲学存在的可能。

This paper provides a new form to introduce pansystems theory(a sort of philosophy, nonphilosohy and post-modern systems science) and its multilayer network-like transfieldness as well as encyclopaedia-connecting pan-metaphysics, which relatively realizes a combination, sublation,intercomplement and integration of philosophy and nonphilosophy, metaphysics and non-metaphysics.

泛系———一种跨学科的形而泛学研究吴学谋（武汉数字工程研究所430074）摘要用新形式论述泛系理论（一种哲学、非哲学与后现代系统科学）及其多层网络跨域性以及百科可络的形而泛学性，相对实现哲学与非哲学、形而上与形而下的结合、扬弃、互补与整合。关键词泛系，形

Practicality is the foundation of the thinking, pragmaticalness is the kernel and scientificity is the essence.

实践性是邓小平哲学思想的基础，务实性是邓小平哲学思想的核心，创新性是邓小平哲学思想的灵魂，科学性是邓小平哲学思想的实质。

One of the answers to the above questions lies in the fact that Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy differ from each other in that the former chooses the unexpressible, that is, activity, as a way of exploring and expressing truth, but the opposite is true for the latter.

其中的一个回答是，中国哲学与西方哲学的最主要差别在于中国哲学以&不言说&的实践方式作为探索和表达真理的手段，而西方哲学则以&言说&的方式作为探索和表达真理的手段。

This thesis unfurls its theoretical exploration with the premise that animadverting thinking is philosophical mode of thinking.It analyses and compares the animadverting mode of thinking contained in Chinese and western philosophy,anticipating to do some valuable research and pondering upon the future development of Chinese philosophy with animadverting mode of thinking with a accreted Chinese and western perspective.

本文就是在哲学思维方式的层面上对批判的思维方式展开理论探讨，并对中国哲学和西方哲学蕴含着的批判的思维方式进行分析比较，期望以一种中西融通的批判的思维方式对中国哲学未来的发展进行有价值的研究与思考。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。