哲学

In this article, the positive factors and limitations of philosophical view of logical positivism are discussed in terms of philosophical nature, philosophical object and philosophical research method.

本论文通过对逻辑实证主义科学观和哲学观的探讨，总结出它对于科学和哲学关系的认识，肯定了逻辑实证主义者强调哲学应当具有科学性，哲学要以自然科学为模本，重视科学哲学的研究这一观点具有的合理性。

The building process should stick to linking the commonness and uniqueness, tradition and modernness, scientific spirits and humanitarian spirit, revolutionary politics and constructive politics. The core conception of contemporary Chinese political philosophy is featured by justice, capability, public and Thoughts about"People Foremost".

从当代中国政治哲学的学术背景、现实问题域以及当代中国政治哲学的基本论域等三个方面，探讨当代中国政治哲学的主题；建构当代中国政治哲学应当坚持共性与个性相联系、传统与现代相结合、科学精神与人文精神相统一、革命政治与建设政治相区别的方法论；从获权方式、获权根据、如何用权、为谁用权等四个方面，把公正、能力、公共、民本确立为当代中国政治哲学的核心理念。

In partⅠ, it discusses the philosophical substratum in the formation of the blank art which is embodied specially of Chinese tradition philosophy. In the philosophical substratum of blank art, the antinomy and unity of positivism and negativism constitutes the philosophy of composition, the interrelation of positivism and negativism constitutes the philosophy of artistic conception, and the interdependency of spirit and matter constitutes the philosophy of aesthetics.

第一层面主要论述了我国传统哲学在艺术中的具体体现，认为它的形成有着浓厚的哲学底蕴：其中阴阳的对立统一是空白艺术的构图哲学基础，虚实的相生相成是空白艺术的意境哲学基础，心境的互依互现是空白艺术的审美哲学基础。

The philosophical ideology is divided into two major opposing ideological systems of the Eastern philosophy and the Western philosophy in the first place . The reason why Eastern and Western civilizations have always been unable to fuse normally with each other is that the fusion of Eastern and Western civilizations established in the ideology of unity of oppositeness cannot break away from the ideological shackle of economic competition .

中西文明的大融合不可能由对立统一思想的哲学思想来实现，哲学思想本来就分为东方哲学与西方哲学的两大对立思想体系，东西方文明一直无法正常融合，就是因为在哲学的对立统一思想中建立的东西文明的融合，仍然摆脱不了利益争夺的思想桎梏，比如香港，台湾，日本，印度，新加坡等的东西方文化融合，并没有产生新文明和新生活。

The great fusion of the Chinese and Western civilizations cannot possibly be achieved by the philosophical ideology of unity of oppositeness. The philosophical ideology is always divided into two major opposing ideological systems of the Eastern philosophy and the Western philosophy. The reason why Eastern and Western civilizations have always been unable to fuse normally with each other is that the fusion of Easter and Western civilizations established in the ideology of unity of oppositeness cannot break away from the ideological shackle of economic competition. For instance, the fusion of Eastern and Western cultures in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, India, Singapore, etc, hasn't been able to create a new civilization or new life.

中西文明的大融合不可能由对立统一思想的哲学思想来实现，哲学思想本来就分为东方哲学与西方哲学的两大对立思想体系，东西方文明一直无法正常融合，就是因为在哲学的对立统一思想中建立的东西文明的融合，仍然摆脱不了利益争夺的思想桎梏，比如香港、台湾、日本、印度、新加坡等的东西方文化融合，并没有产生新文明和新生活。

It points out that his language philosophy was influenced by different trends of thought in the history of Russia including Orthodox Church Thought, Neo-Kantism, Marxism philosophy, Slavophile language philosophy, Traditional language philosophy and Russian Formalism. Then, it presents analysis on this aspect.

首先，本文追溯了巴赫金语言哲学的思想渊源，指出俄国历史上一些不同思潮——东正教思想、新康德主义、马克思主义哲学、斯拉夫派语言哲学观、传统语言哲学和俄国形式主义是巴赫金语言哲学形成的重要思想源泉，并对此进行了分析。

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的"现象学阶段"可以被视为他关于"心理学的哲学"的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将"原子命题"解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于"原子命题"之所是的正面解说），维氏的"现象学阶段"乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的"逻辑原子主义"之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的"现象学"观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于"不可说性"与"可说性"的二分法。

It will not only contribute to change fundamentally the narrow orientatio n of philosophy of science, thus extricating itself from the existing pred icament,but also widen greatly the field of vision in the research of phil osophy of science,thus opening up very broad prospects for the development of philosophy of science.

从科学哲学到科学文化哲学，不仅有助於从根本上改变科学哲学的狭隘定位，从而使其走出现有的困境，而且还将大大拓宽科学哲学的研究视野，从而为科学哲学的发展开辟颇为广阔的前景。

It will not only contribute to change fundamentally the narrow orientatio n of philosophy of science, thus extricating itself from the existing pred icament,but also widen greatly the field of vision in the research of phil osophy of science,thus opening up very broad prospects for the development of philosophy of science.

从科学哲学到科学文化哲学，不仅有助于从根本上改变科学哲学的狭隘定位，从而使其走出现有的困境，而且还将大大拓宽科学哲学的研究视野，从而为科学哲学的发展开辟颇为广阔的前景。

"German Matador"and French Philosophy:About the Identity of French Philosophy from the Point of View of National Language According Heidegger,the crisis of modern philosophy is mostly caused by a kind of"philosophical romanity"(romanité philosophique),which made the western philosophy forget its real sources in ancient Greece and misguided it by accepting the cultures of Rome-Latin.

在海德格尔眼里，现代哲学的危机很大程度上源于一种&哲学的罗马性&，即哲学由于继承了罗马—拉丁文化而遗忘了希腊这个真正的起源而误入了歧途。海氏认为哲学从根本上与言说它的语言本质关联，且只有德语与希腊语具有内在亲缘性，因而德国哲学将独享思想的荣耀。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。