哲学

In the early stage of Christianity, the patricians inherited the essence of Greek philosophy accompanied with the methodology of it, and reconciled it with the theology of Christianity, thus the trandition of Greek philosophy found its carrier in Christian theology, at the same time, it provided methodology for the development of dogmatics.

基督教早期的教父在吸收希腊哲学精髓的同时完成古希腊哲学和基督教神学的对接，从而把希腊哲学中的方法论引入基督教的神学中，使古希腊哲学的传承有了实际的载体，同时古希腊哲学也为教义学不断的发展提供了必不可少的方法论。

Explicative Vision of Cultural" Publicity" and the" Legitimacy" of Study of Marxist Philosophy YUAN Zu-she ( College of Politics and Economics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, Shaanxi)" Legitimacy", which involves a deep reflection, examination and understanding of the nature, subject-matter, function and patterns of development of Marxist philosophy, is one of substantial contents in relation to the profound culture-practice turn of modern philosophy.

"合法性"问题关涉到对马克思主义哲学的性质、主题、功能、特征及其发展形态等的深度反思和新的理解，是构成现代哲学深刻的文化-实践转向的实质性内容之一，是新的历史时期马克思主义哲学创新性研究中的一个带有总体性的关键问题。将"合法性"叙事范式运用到对马克思主义哲学当前处境的分析，意味着必须反思：我们究竟应该以何种新的理论范式，在何种意义上言说马克思主义哲学的"合法性"。

One of characteristics in analytical philosophy is explicitness rather than in traditional philosophy, which could be considered as the mark of progress in philosophy itself.

分析哲学是形而上学的当代形式；分析哲学与传统哲学相比是清晰的，这种清晰不仅是分析哲学的特征，而且是哲学本身的进步。

According to making research on its deconstructing subject in the traditional philosophy, We can get a more profound understanding about the relationship between his philosophy and the traditional philosophy Wittgensteinian deconstructing mainly embodies the following points; firstly ,he unloaded magic halation of "self",according to researching 'self'; secondly , he removed the duality of subject .thirdly, he discarded introspection belonging to the subject.

后期维特根斯坦的哲学是以彻底反传统著称的，通过对后期维特根斯坦哲学对传统哲学中的"主体"的消解，我们能更深刻地理解他的哲学与传统哲学之间的关系。维特根斯坦的消解主要体现在三个方面：（1）通过对"我"的考察，卸掉了"我"身上的神秘光环；（2）解除了主体身份的二重性；（3）抛弃了主体的反思功能。

In the course of"return to Marx", Hegelianism is an important factor. Young Lukacs opens a way to study Hegelian Marxism; old Lukacs still insists on that the study of Hegel is indispensable to the study of Marxist philosophy. Just by study of the relation of Hegelian philosophy and Marxist philosophy, Lukacs grasps the developing track of Marxian philosophy.

在卢卡奇"回到马克思"的过程中，黑格尔哲学始终是一个不可忽略的因素，早期卢卡奇开创了黑格尔式的马克思主义研究的先河；晚期卢卡奇仍然把对黑格尔的研究当作研究马克思哲学的必备知识和必要途径，他正是通过研究黑格尔哲学和马克思哲学的关系，搞清楚了马克思哲学的形成轨迹。

This is contrary to the western tradition that regards the hypotheses of human nature as the point of departure of argument. Marxist political philosophy has benefited from a philosophy-the humanities reform. Starting with criticism against the Young Hegelianism; Marx pushed forward political philosophy to a highest level through philosophical criticism in political economics, establishment of communist theories, and studies of anthropology.

与传统西方政治哲学以人性假设为思辨起点不同，马克思政治哲学得益于哲学一人学变革，以对青年黑格尔派的批判为契机，通过政治经济学视域的哲学批判、共产主义理论的确立及人类学研究，马克思将政治哲学发展到前所未有的高度。

Mr Zhang's consistent insistence and concern for the people-oriented ideas, the feelings of cherishing for life, the spirit of esteeming beauty, the feelings of cherishing for philosophy and the deep love for nation congeals the soul and purport of his philosophy of education. Mr. Zhang's philosophy can be called "the Chinese Philosophy of Our Own".

教育哲学；可见，哲学作为人的行为的结果，只是人的行为和人的行为结果的组成部分之一，&哲学的价值&（从对人类有意义的角度说）只是&哲学意义上的价值&的一部分，哲学作为商品或劳务的交换意义上的价值与本文的&哲学意义上的价值&无关。。

Firstly, using John-S-Brubacher's idea for reference that there are at least two different philosophies legitimating the institutions of higher education. One is epistemological, the other political. It argues that rationalist and instrumentalist idea of the university separately are the expression of the two philosophies, and that existentialism is a complete reconstruction to philosophy system.

首先，借鉴约翰·S·布鲁贝克的观点——大学存在的哲学基础主要有认识论的哲学和政治论的哲学两种，认为理性主义的大学理念和工具主义的大学理念大体上可归属于这两种哲学基础，而存在主义的哲学则体现一种对哲学思想的全面改造。

To master the spirituous nature really ,we should grasp firmly that the practical philosophy is a new kind of philosophical thinking On one hand ,we reedier deeply that the great change about Marx philosophy is to explain the change from the knowledge system of abstract ontology to practical and historical theory who was based on the judge about personal liberation and revolution to the other hand we conuprahend deeply that the develop patents of future philosophy i...

要真正把握马克思哲学的精神实质，就是要把实践哲学把握成一种新的哲学思维，深刻认识马克思哲学伟大变革的全部要旨在于从解释世界的抽象本体论的知识体系转向现实的、历史的、以人的解放为核心的批判和革命的哲学理论，深刻理解未来哲学发展的新范式即&不是实践的观点，而是实践思维&这一基本准则和方向。

From the dimension of economical philosophy, the two various philosophical keys showed by The Poverty of Philosophy and The Philosophy of Poverty determine the dividing line of the economical idea of Marx and Proudhon; German classic philosophy, especially Hegel's dialectic, was not only the object criticized and relied on by Marx, but also became the philosophical basis of Proudhon's economy; Proudhon, however, with dialectical intuition, developed the dialectique serielle that was analogous to Hegelian dialectic of idealism.

从经济哲学视域看，《哲学的贫困》与《贫困的哲学》展现出的两种不同的哲学基调，决定了蒲鲁东与马克思的经济学理念的分野；德国古典哲学，特别是黑格尔的辩证法，不但是马克思所批判和仰赖的对象，而且构成了蒲鲁东经济学的哲学根基，不过蒲鲁东凭借辩证的直觉提出的系列辩证法是类似于黑格尔的唯心主义辩证法。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。