哲学

This part is key. It expounds how James sublates the traditional philosophy and develops his new philosophy by experienced flux and the pragmatic method. These paper here claims that Radical Empiricism is not only a core of James'theory, but also it can avoid the difficulty produced by discontinuous theory and make the opportunity of the absolute theory no longer exist.

本部分是全文的重点，主要阐释的是詹姆士如何运用经验流理论和实用主义方法扬弃传统哲学并创建新哲学的；从而证明了彻底经验主义是詹姆士哲学思想的核心，只有彻底经验主义才能避免不连续理论所带来的尴尬，及某些思想家另外创建虚幻的&绝对&等实体的契机。1。

Poppers historical philosophy is not attached to but deeply rooted in the scientific philosophy of critical rationalism and the objective knowledge science.

波普尔的历史哲学并非仅仅附属于其科学哲学，它与批判理性主义的科学哲学和客观知识学说有着盘根错节的联系，并且从中独立出来，充分显示了其自主性。

So we have to study philosophy, philosophy and the philosophy of human beings is to people.

所以我们要学习哲学，哲学是人的哲学，是为了人的。

This action undoubtedly arouses rethinking of human being and philosophy,but it doesn't mean that Wittgenstein deconstructed human being and philosophy.

这种对传统主体思想的消解必然带来对人和哲学的新的思考，但这决不意味着维特根斯坦的哲学是对人和哲学的消解和终结。

In his lectures on the philosophy of world history and the philosophy of religion, Hegel elaborated this point of view, and his deep and excellent recognition of Confucianism, Daoism, Chinese history, the point of morality of Chinese, the ethics of Chinese, Chinese Philosophy and Chinese 'Sciences'are based on these elaborations.

黑格尔在他的宗教哲学和历史哲学讲演中以他的精神概念为根据具体论证了这一点，黑格尔的这些具体论证蕴涵着他对儒教、道教、中国历史、中国传统的道德观念和伦理制度、中国传统社会、中国哲学和&科学&的深刻而卓越的认识。

"Ontology" in the Chinese etymology means "the highest","the most fundamental","the most popular" and "the most important". Although it is a loan word, it has great difference from the oringinal meaning of ontology when translated into Chiness and has abvously "transferred meaning". If the "original meaning" of ontology is a "transcendental" purely logic stipulation" and a unique morphology of "the Western Philosophy", a field of idea world, absolute spirit, pure reason which is isolated from the experience world or prio to the experience world", and "a pure principle unable to be proven from the real world", then in Chiness,"ontology" has richer transferred meanings unparalleled with ontology in the West.

&本体&在中文词源里，有&最高&、&最根本&、&最普遍&、&最重要&等含义；本体论虽然是外来词，但翻译为中文后，与原来的ontology已经有了很大的区别，产生了明显的&转义&：如果说ontology的&本义&是一种&是论&或&存在论&，是一种超验的&纯粹的逻辑规定性&，是&西方哲学特有的一种形态&，是&与经验世界隔绝或者先于经验世界的理念世界、绝对精神、纯粹理性的领域&，是&不能从现实世界得到验证的纯粹的原理&，是比一切其他哲学思维都更纯正的&第一哲学&的话，那么在中国的&水土&上，&本体论&已经具有了比西方的ontology丰富得无可比拟的&转义&。

In Middle-age West Europe, Christian theologists initially confused philosophy with theology in order to ensure Christian doctrine and belief and thereby propose a series of philosophical questions.

在西欧中世纪基督教神学家起初将哲学混同于神学，力图以哲学确证基督教教义和信仰，并由此提出了一系列根本性的哲学问题。

His invention of critical philosophy, that is of the notion of being able to discover and systematically explore possible inherent limits to our ability to know through philosophical reasoning

他的批评哲学的发明。批判哲学是可以发现并系统地研究我们通过哲学论证获得知识的可能的固有局限性的思想；？

It stressed the philosophy of the social function ,embodies the philosophy of reality critical spirit.

目前，学界一般从批判理论角度来理解和阐释法兰克福学派的哲学观，它强调了哲学的社会功能，体现了哲学的现实批判精神。

Socratic thought along the lines of challenging conventions, especially in stressing a simplistic way of living, became divorced from Plato's more detached and philosophical pursuits but was inherited heavily by one of Socrates' older and diehard students, Antisthenes who became another originator of a philosophy in the years after Socrates' death - Cynicism.

苏格拉底沿着向传统挑战的路线思考问题--特别在强调简单化的生活方式方面—与柏拉图更加超然和哲学的追求有些脱离，但是苏格拉底的一个更老的顽固学生--安提斯泰尼深深地继承了他的思想，安提斯泰尼在苏格拉斯死了多年之后成为另一种哲学—犬儒哲学--的开创者。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。