哲学

During this past one hundred years, the Eastern philosophical studiers willing to, first, continue their tradition and to add glory on its spirit; and second, to study and innovate their thinking through the philosophical way of working which is imported from the western society.

东方的哲学工作者在过去一百年来一方面要接续它们自己的传统以发扬文化精神，另方面要藉由西方传入的哲学工作方式对东方思想进行研究与发表，在这中间就发生了以西方哲学的讨论方式处理东方哲学资料的困难，困难的重点有二，其一为问题意识的不同，其二为表达方式的不同。

Professor Chen Fan, Chief Professor of Innovation Institute of Philosophy and Social Science for Science, Technology and Soclety, Respcnsible Professor of Research Direction for Science, Technology, Engineering and Societyin Innovation Institute of Philosophy and Social Science for STS, Director of Research Center for Philosophy of Science and Technology, Vice-Dean of College of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University.

陈凡 科技与社会创新基地首席教授，科技、工程与社会研究方向责任教授，现任东北大学文法学院副院长，国家重点学科——科学技术哲学研究中心主任，兼任国务院学位委员会哲学学科评议组成员，中国自然辩证法研究会副理事长，技术哲学学会理事长，科学技术与社会学会理事长，国务院政府特殊津贴获得者，教育部&985工程&科技与社会哲学社会科学创新基地首席教授，博士生导师。

This paper proposes that the antagonistic relations between the two views parallel the debate between behaviourism and constructivism in mathematics education through the analyses of its philosophical position, and shows that philosophy of mathematics has important influences on the actual activity.

基础主义和拟经验主义是数学哲学的两个主要派别，通过对其哲学立场的分析提出这两种哲学观的对立表现在数学教育中就是行为主义和建构主义的对立，从一个侧面表明数学哲学对实际数学活动的影响。

This paper reviews the exploration of the subjectivity issues in the history of western philosophy ideology, and makes further research of the process of the establishment and development of methodology of the human sciences in the western philosophy, especially in the traditional literae humaniores of Germany philosophy. Besides, this paper deeply and thoroughly analyses and criticize the contribution of the objectivism research attitude which is gradually getting rid of the thoughts of "the dichotomy of subject/object" and "rational dogmatism" hi philosophy research, history research and pedagogy research.

研究系统考察了西方哲学思想史上有关主体性问题的探索，重点考察了人文科学方法论在西方哲学、尤其在有着人文思想传统的德国哲学中的形成发展过程，对哲学研究、史学研究和教育学研究逐步摆脱&主客二分&和&理性独断&思维方式及客观主义研究态度做出的贡献进行了比较深入、全面的批判分析。

As Plato puts it: Until philosophers rule as kings or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophise, that is, until political power and philosophy entirely coincide, while the many natures who at present pursue either one exclusively are forcibly prevented from doing so, cities will have no rest from evils,... nor, I think, will the human race.

正如柏拉图所说：除非我们能由哲学家担任国王进行统治、或是现在那些被称为国王的人真正适当地学习了哲学，使政治权力和哲学能完全相融合，并且将现在那些只从事政治而不钻研哲学、或只钻研哲学而不从事政治的家伙完全驱逐出去，否则，我们的城邦永远也不会获得安宁、人类也不会免於邪恶的灾难。

Thus the key to developing and prospering philosophy and social sciences is to strengthen the construction of teamwork and platform, meanwhile the fundamental wayout for universities for nationalities to prosper philosophy and social sciences is to take a special developent mad.

推进哲学社会科学的发展与繁荣是民族院校的应有职责；民族院校推进哲学社会科学的发展与繁荣优势独特；加强队伍与平台建设是发展与繁荣哲学社会科学的关键；特色发展道路是民族院校繁荣哲学社会科学的根本出路。

So as to constructing a mature and perfect system of university curriculum theory. The research refers to some foundational fields of university curriculum theory, such as philosophy, psychology, sociology, the ology of science and the ology of culture.Researching on the university curriculum view of the philosophy of education genres, such as Perennialism, Essentialism, Pragmatism, and Reconstructionism. It can be found that philosophy provides the philosophy researching patterns, the significance of noumenon theory and the foundation of axiology for university curriculum.

本研究所考察的高校课程理论基础领域主要包括哲学、心理学、社会学、科学学、文化学等五个方面：通过对永恒主义、要素主义、实用主义、改造主义等教育哲学流派中的高校课程观的考察，认为哲学为高校课程提供了哲学研究范式、前提性的本体论意义、评判性的价值论基础、直接性的认识论根据。

Firstly, the theoretical relationship between Marx and Proudhon before mid-1840 is investigated from the perspective of thought history.

本文立足于马克思哲学发展史的视野以及对蒲鲁东《贫困的哲学》一书思想的探讨，试图对《哲学的贫困》作出比较深入的文本解读，凸显该著作在马克思哲学发展史上的地位。

Historically speaking, modern philosophy is coming from ancient Greek culture; European revival of learning accelerates its development and produces some philosophical opinions with deep influence, especially when dialectic is presented out by Mr. Hegel, a new era that developing towards real entity Begins;every School pushes philosophy developing with the position of selfhood and nonscientific one.

从历史上看，现代哲学主要是从古代希腊文明发展而来的；欧洲的文艺复兴加速了它的发展，产生了一些具有深远影响的哲学观点，特别是当辩证法被黑格尔先生提示以来，一个哲学向实体化发展的新时代开始了；各个学派都以自我的立场，而非科学的立场，来推动哲学的发展。

The 3 rd part puts the theory of Late Greek Privacy Philosophy into modern China philosophy parole system and thus makes a feasibility way for the future China philosophy.

强调中国哲学不但要加强对于公域哲学的研究，更要加强私域哲学的研究，把二者有机综合统一，才可以为人的全面发展提供哲学上的支撑。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。