哮喘

The simultaneity use of Xiao Er Chuan Ke Ye and Cang Er Zi San intervening asthma and allergic rhinitis,comparing simply use Xiao Er Chuan Ke Ye,has the predominance in prolonging time of introducing asthma and reducing the frequency of nodding breathe,which indicated that the treatment of allergic rhinitis has great importance in asthma control and lessen the degree of asthma(frequency of rat nodding breath).3,The combination high-dose group has better therapeutic effect than dexamethasone group,all Chuan Ke Ye groups and combination low,medium group in the prevention and control of allergic rhinitis symptoms,reduced airway hyper responsiveness,while in improving breath difficulties combination high-dose group has similar effect with western medicine group,and better effect than all Chuan Ke Ye groups and combination low,medium group.Its efficacy increased with the prolonging of treatment time,but fewer side effects,which makes the application safer and more reliable.4,Xiao Er Chuan Ke Ye combining with Cang Er Zi San can obviously improve the pathological changes in rats with bronchial airway remodeling,reducing the serum TGF-β1,IL-4,ECP levels,increasing the level of serum IFN-γand the imbalance IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio.

而运用小儿喘咳液合苍耳子散同时干预哮喘与过敏性鼻炎，较之单纯使用小儿喘咳液治疗哮喘，其在延长引喘时间、减少点头呼吸频度等方面有明显的优势，说明过敏性鼻炎的治疗，对于控制哮喘发生，减轻哮喘发作的程度，有着重要的意义。3、大剂量的合方在预防和控制过敏性鼻炎症状、降低哮喘气道高反应性方面疗效较地塞米松对照组、喘咳液各剂量组及合方小、中剂量组更优，而改善呼吸困难方面则与西药组相当，优于喘咳液各剂量组及合方小、中剂量组，且其疗效随着治疗时间的延长而增加，但副作用更少，使用更加安全可靠。4、小儿喘咳液合苍耳子散能明显改善气道重塑大鼠支气管的病理改变，同时降低血清TGF-β1、IL-4、ECP水平，提高血清IFN-γ水平及失衡的IFN-γ/IL-4比值。

Raby, from Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, and colleagues from the Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group.

Raby以及其来自儿童哮喘管理计画研究团体的同事指出，在儿童罹患哮喘的研究中，有关哮喘儿其与父系哮喘病史和并发空气传播途径过度反应症的关系之信息很少。

Through thoroughly research about dissertation of asthma of ShangHanLun and bypast doctors, and combining with my clinical experience, we consider that asthenic nephroyang ,cold phlegm in lung are essential reasons of its outbreak, and infection, psychic obstacle, dietetic intemperance are its inducements. Our viewpoint is that the pathology characteristic of asthma during its outbreak is cold phlegm generating heat, phlegm heat missing.

通过对张仲景《伤寒杂病论》及历代医家有关哮喘论述的深入研究，结合导师和个人的多年临床体会，认为肾阳亏虚、寒饮伏肺是哮喘反复发作的宿根；外感、七情、食伤是哮喘发作的诱因；寒饮遇感触动之后，出现寒饮化热、饮热夹杂，是哮喘发作期的主要证候特点。

Objective: The aim of the study was to observe the change of the IFN-γand IL-4 in the asthmatic rats blood after self-blood injection so that to explore the influence of disproportionality of Th1 and Th2 in asthmatic rats, and hoped it could provide an experimental evidence so that to guide the treatment of self-blood injection with the asthma patients.

研究目的通过观察哮喘大鼠自血肺俞穴注射治疗后外周血IFN-γ和IL-4的变化，探讨经络注血疗法对哮喘大鼠Th1／Th2细胞失衡的影响，探讨经络注血疗法对哮喘大鼠症状的改善，为经络注血疗法治疗哮喘提供实验依据。

Result bFGF immunoreactivity was found in neuron and gli al cell in corte x,hippocampus habenular nucleus,and found in macrophage surrounding hematoma; Ln immunoreactivity was found in neurons,glial cells and blood vessles in front a l cortex,hippocampus,thalamus hypothalamus.

结果 脑出血后脑内bFGF主要在扣带皮质、海马、缰核及其他区域表达，阳性细胞骨折主要有神经哮喘元、神经哮喘胶质、吞噬细胞骨折、室管膜细胞骨折、伸长细胞骨折等；Ln不仅在大脑皮质、海马、缰核、下丘脑等区域的神经哮喘元表达，且在这些区域的神经哮喘胶质细胞骨折也表达，血管也有阳性反应。

Half of children with asthma had otitis media in the first year of life, compared with 40% of children without asthma. Likewise, 7% of children with asthma had pneumonia and 9% had sinus infection, compared with 2% and 4% respectively in nonasthmatic children.

一半患哮喘的儿童和40%没有患哮喘的儿童在其1岁时有过中耳炎病史。7%的儿童哮喘患者有过肺炎病史，9%有鼻窦炎病史，未患哮喘组分别为2%和4%。

The current methods of studing the mechanism of asthma aboard is take the nonasthmatic ASMCs as object and study the effect of every single related factor on the on proliferation of nonasthmatic ASMCs in vitro respectively. However, as the phenotypes and functional status of asthmatic and nonasthmatic ASMCs are different, it's deficient to infer the proliferative feature and the signal transduction pathway of asthmatic ASMCs in vivo from that of nonasthmatic ASMCs induced by every single factor in vitro.

目前国内外通常是分别研究与哮喘有关的各种影响因子对非哮喘ASMC增殖的影响，但由于非哮喘ASMC和哮喘ASMC的表型和功能状态存在差异，这种在体外分别以单一因子诱导非哮喘ASMC增殖来推断哮喘ASMC体内的增殖特性及信号转导途径的方法尚存在一定局限性。

If the second signal overstimulate, T lymphocyte cells may be over- activated and lead to immune disorder.

本研究从共刺激分子在哮喘外周血表达和细胞因子的变化出发，分析它们与哮喘发病的相关关系，研究哮喘发病的可能免疫机制，为判断病情变化和临床哮喘的治疗提供理论依据。

After corticosteroid withdrawal, between-group differences in spirometric values, lung volumes, exhaled nitric oxide, induced sputum cell counts, and biomarkers of inflammation in sputum supernatant and blood were measured, and interactions explored.

新西兰学者对79名女性进行了观察研究（包括肥胖哮喘患者、正常体重哮喘患者、肥胖非哮喘者及正常体重非哮喘者），比较激素撤退后肺功能、肺容积、呼出气NO、诱导痰细胞计数、痰上清及血液中炎症标记物的组间差别并探讨他们的相互关系。

Results The activation of NF-κB, proliferation response, and expression of IL-4 and I L-5 mRNA and protein in T lymphocytes stimulated by PMA were significantly hig her than those of their blank control (P.01), while those indexes of T l ymphocytes stimulated by PMA and PDTC simultaneously were significantly lower th an those stimulated by PMA alone (P.01). The apoptotic index of T lympho cytes stimulated with PMA were significantly lower than that of their blank cont rol (P.01), and the apoptotic index of asthmatic guinea pig T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA and PDTC simultaneously were significantly higher than that stimulated by PMA alone (P.01). The significant positive correlations w ere found between the activation of NF-κB and the proliferation (r=0.64, P.001), and the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein of T lymph ocytes, respectively (r=0.55-0.68, P.001). There was also signific ant negative correlation between the activation of NF-κB and apoptosis of T l ymphocytes (r=0.62, P.001). Conclusions NF-κB may participate in the signal conduction of PKC regulated proliferation, apoptosis and expression of IL-4 and IL-5 of T lymphocytes in asthma.

结果加入PMA培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞NF-κB的活化、细胞增殖反应、IL-4和IL-5的mRNA和蛋白质的表达均显著高于其空白对照(P.01)，而同时加入PMA和PDTC培养的哮喘组T 淋巴细胞以上指标均显著低于只加入PMA培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞(P.01)；加入PMA 培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞的凋亡指数显著低于其空白对照(P.01)，而同时加入PMA 和PDTC培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞凋亡指数显著高于只加入PMA培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞(P 。01)。T淋巴细胞NF-κB的活化与增殖反应呈显著正相关(r=0.64，P.00 1)，与IL-4和IL-5的mRNA和蛋白质的表达也均呈显著正相关(r=0.55-0.68，P 。001)，而与凋亡指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.62，P.001)。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。