咯血

Because directs as the pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis to nurse works very important.

因引作为肺结核咯血的护理工作至关重要。

White nails, found in the accident and loss of blood and shock; chronic diseases are found in anemia, hookworm disease, chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, tuberculosis hemoptysis, pulmonary heart disease and so on; as if a nail white glass, while the characteristics of liver cirrhosis; nail change White, thin, soft, was particularly prevalent in the chronic wasting disease; yellow nail is the lack of vitamin E hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, and other symbolic; gray nails are often suffering from Onychomycosis, a performance for the initial stage next to the itching, Following the nail is deformed, but was dull gray; purple nails with a small red thorn is caused by hypoxia, indicating pulmonary heart disease; nail half red, half white (commonly known as a yin and yang) is not a manifestation of renal function; white nail Flocculation, or white, zinc deficiency may be, anemia or gastrointestinal system is sick; nail spots is the emergence of the performance of the poisoning; redness around the nail, mostly lupus erythematosus and in patients with dermatomyositis; nail root A blue and a half months is a reflection of peripheral circulation; obvious red nails, is the performance of heart failure; a clear and a half months, prompted the digestive system function better absorption; On the other hand, there is no clearance on a narrow or a half months, that is, Tip of the digestive system problems.

指甲变白时，急症见于失血、休克；慢性病则见于贫血、钩虫病、消化道慢性出血、肺结核咯血、肺源性心脏病等；如果指甲白得像毛玻璃一样，则为肝硬化的特征；指甲变白、变薄、变软，多见于慢性消耗疾病；指甲变黄是缺乏维生素E甲状腺功能减退、肾病综合症等象征；指甲变灰往往是患了甲癣，表现为初期甲旁发痒，继则指甲变形，失去光泽而呈灰白色；指甲青紫伴有红色小刺是缺氧引起的，预示肺心病；指甲一半红色、一半白色是肾功能不好的体现；指甲出现白点或絮状白斑，可能是缺锌、贫血或胃肠道系统有病；指甲出现黑斑是中毒的表现；指甲周围出现红斑，多见红斑性狼疮和皮肌炎患者；指甲根部的甲半月呈蓝色是末梢循环不良的反映；指甲明显发红，是心力衰竭的表现；甲半月明显者，提示消化系统吸收功能较好；反之，没有甲关月或甲半月窄小，即提示消化系统有毛病。

The bronchus arterial embolization is a safe and efficient method to patient with severe hemoptysis,it can be preferred method to inefficacious patients treated with conservative treatment.

支气管动脉栓塞术是一种安全有效的大咯血治疗方法，可以作为临床上保守治疗无效后的首选治疗方法。

Examination of dsa of classics of patient of 66 big haemoptysis demonstrates data and method 20 amalgamative bronchus are arterial - pulmonary circulation fistula, use pva of agent of lasting effect embolism and silk thread to undertake to target blood-vessel embolism is treated, part complementary with isinglass sponge grain .

资料和方法66例大咯血患者经dsa检查显示20例合并支气管动脉-肺循环瘘，采用长效栓塞剂pva和丝线对靶血管进行栓塞治疗，部分辅以明胶海绵颗粒。

This group all has the cough of different level, the breath after 6 activities is difficult, 5 dry cough, 4 have low heat, night sweat, lack of power wait for a symptom, 1 spits blood.

本组均有不同程度的咳嗽，6例活动后呼吸困难，5例干咳，4例有低热、盗汗、乏力等症状，1例咯血。

Measurements and Main Results: The model comprises 16 variables of which 10 (older age, male sex, prolonged immobilization, history of deep vein thrombosis, sudden-onset dyspnea, chest pain, syncope, hemoptysis, unilateral leg swelling, electrocardiographic signs of acute cor pulmonale) are positively associated, and 6 (prior cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, orthopnea, high fever, wheezes, or crackles on chest auscultation) are negatively associated with pulmonary embolism.

测量和主要结果：模型包含16种变量，其中10种（老年、男性、长期制动、深静脉血栓形成病史、突然发作的呼吸困难、胸痛、晕厥、咯血、一侧下肢肿胀、心电图急性肺心病波形）与肺栓塞正相关，另外6种（原有心血管或肺部疾病、端坐呼吸、高热、喘息、或胸部听诊的爆裂音）与肺栓塞负相关。

Methods 76 inpatients with big hemoptysis were randomly divided into hyoscinae therapy group of 38 cases and pituitrin therapy group of 38 cases,treated for 24 hours.

将76例大咯血患者，随机分为东莨菪碱治疗组(治疗组38例)与垂体后叶素组(对照组38例)。

Pituitrin is the first choice for large amount hemoptysis achieving good effects.

垂体后叶是大咯血首选药物，止血效果好。

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Pituitrin + nifedipine + bleeding min + prednisone (referred to as quadruple therapy) in treatment of bronchiectasis with massive hemoptysis.

目的 观察垂体后叶素＋硝苯地平＋止血敏＋强的松对支气管扩张大咯血的临床治疗效果。

Procaine can be effective and safety used in treating obvious hemoptysis, but we should pay attention to rare side effects ofprocaine.

普鲁卡因在大部分大咯血患者中应用安全、有效，但也应注意其少见的不良反应。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。