咯血

Results Plastic bronchitis, with a relatively high mortality, is a disease characterized by repeated and periodical emptysis and bronchial cast, mostly secondary to pulmonary infection, it's pathogenesis is unclear.

结果 纤维素性支气管炎临床上是以反复或周期性咯血、咯出支气管管型为特点的疾病，多继发于肺部感染性疾病，其发病机制尚未完全清楚，病死率较高。

ResultsPlastic bronchitis, with a relatively high mortality, is a disease characterized by repeated and periodical emptysis and bronchial cast, mostly secondary to pulmonary infection, it's pathogenesis is unclear.

结果 纤维素性支气管炎临床上是以反复或周期性咯血、咯出支气管管型为特点的疾病，多继发于肺部感染性疾病，其发病机制尚未完全清楚，病死率较高。

The patients should be given synthesized therapy including invaded mechanical ventilate, corrected hypoxidosis, high-dose hormone and antibiotics and complications, when the patients with severe chest trauma appear progressive emptysis, dyspnea, cyanopathy, and stains or pieces of high-density shadow in chest X-ray.

严重胸外伤患者如出现进行性咯血、呼吸困难、发绀及肺部斑点状或片状高密度阴影要考虑到严重肺挫伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的可能，应早期进行有创机械通气、纠正低氧血症、大剂量激素和抗生素及并发症治疗等综合治疗措施。

Objective:to summarize massive hemoptysis reduce mortality experience of the treatment.methods:156 cases of clinically confirmed massive hemoptysis comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of patients.

目的：总结降低大咯血死亡率的治疗经验。方法：将156例经临床确诊的大咯血患者进行综合诊治分析。

Tracheobronchitis was the leading cause of hemoptysis and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis was the second.

气管、支气管炎是儿童咯血最常见的病因，特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症是儿童咯血的常见原因。

Results The number of cases with hemoptysis caused by tracheobronchitis, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, cardiovascular and pulmonary vascular malformation, and bronchiectasis were 18 (43%), 7(17%), 4(10%), 3(7%), 3(7%), respevtively. Duplication of digestive tract and tumor might cause the symptom of hemoptysis in childhood.

结果 42例咯血患儿中，气管、支气管炎引起的咯血18例(43%)，特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症7例(17%)，支气管内膜、肺结核4例(10%)，心、肺血管畸形及支气管扩张症分别为3例(各占7%)，消化道重复畸形、肿瘤所致的咯血在儿童也可见到。

Will nurse now the introduction is as follows. 1 clinical data this group patient of 58 tuberculosis big haemoptysis, male 38, female 20; age 20 years old of ~75 year old; haemoptysis all exceeds 500mL inside quantity 24h, 10 when exceed 800mL among them, 5 of shock of amalgamative and exsanguine sex, 3 when amalgamative haemoptysis chokes. 58 ill average per capita live in the rescue room of my division, rescue is indoor set major to protect personnel especially, 24h is on duty, did not accompany protect, via be treated actively and nursing, all ill average per capita gets controlling in the 1 haemoptysis inside week. 2 nurse 2.1 after doing good rescue to prepare be in hospital of patient of phthisical big haemoptysis, all arrange in rescue room, interior equipment good oxygen, attract implement, appearance of custody of report of bag of tracheal spile, tracheal incision, heart, synchronous lung ventilator, except quiver the rescue equipment such as appearance and relevant rescue medicines and chemical reagents, if appear,choke wait for critical condition, in order to facilitate rescue. Rescue of 2.2 environments requirement is indoor should maintain air fresh, temperature is appropriate, keep quiet and eliminate all sorts of undesirable stimulation, avoid family member visit, reduce air pollution and alternate infection.

现将护理介绍如下。1临床资料本组58例肺结核大咯血病人，男38例，女20例；年龄20岁~75岁；咯血量24h内均超过500mL，其中超过800mL的10例，合并失血性休克的5例，合并咯血窒息的3例。58例病人均住在我科的抢救室，抢救室内设有专业特护人员，24h值班，没有陪护，经积极治疗和护理，全部病人均在1周内咯血得到控制。2护理2.1做好抢救预备肺结核大咯血病人住院后均布置在抢救室，室内备好氧气、吸引器、气管插管、气管切开包、心电监护仪、同步呼吸机、除颤仪等抢救器材及相关抢救药品，若出现窒息等危急情况，以便于抢救。2.2环境要求抢救室内要保持空气新鲜，温度适宜，保持恬静和消除各种不良刺激，避免家属探视，减少空气污染和交叉感染。2.3。。。

Methods 1.52 patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis were selected,including following two group:① routine image examinations (including chest plain film,tomogram,computed tomography and bronchialgraphy) were negative.② one lobe or segment showed a few lesions,but they were not the ones for causing hemoptysis proved by BAG,while another lobe or segment had signs of bleeding (17 cases).

1。选择隐源性咯血病人52例，包括以下两种情况：(1)常规影像学检查阴性(胸部平片、断层阴性，部分病人同期CT及支气管碘油造影阴性)(2)一个肺叶或一侧肺内有少量病变，但BAG证实为非咯血病灶，而另叶或另段肺内有出血征象，计17例。

Methods 35 patients with severe hemoptysis,the quantity of haemorrhage is 300～500ml,were treated with bronchus arterial embolization. The material of embolization is glutin sponge or PVA.

35例大咯血患者，咯血量为300～1500ml，急诊行病灶供血支气管动脉栓塞术，栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒或PVA颗粒。

Puring the operations, 16 patients had elevation of blood pressure (12.5%), 14 eases had tachycardia (10.94%). 10 eases had fever (7.81%), 6 cases had small amount of hemoptysis (4.69%), lease had medium amount of hemoptysis (0.78%) after operations.

术中患者血压升高16例(12.5%)，心动过速14例(10.94%)，术后发热10例(7.81%)，小量咯血6例(4.69%)，中量咯血1例(0.78%)，无1例发生严重并发症和死亡。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。