咬合

The first three largest number of missing teeth is as follows: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar and mandibular first molar. The first three largest number of resident teeth is as follows: mandibular cuspid, mandibular bicuspid and maxillary cuspid. The cases without occusal relationship account for 19.51%; and the cases which need occlusal reconstruction or occlusal elevation account for 19.51% of all the cases, while food impaction exists in 21.84% cases.

结果：本组老年人平均缺失牙齿9.10颗，缺失最多的前3位牙齿是上颌第一磨牙、上颌第二磨牙和下颌第一磨牙；余留最多的前3位牙齿是下颌尖牙、下颌第一双尖牙和上颌尖牙。19.51%的病例颌骨间无咬合接触关系，19.51%的病例修复时需咬合重建或咬合抬高；21.84%的病例修复前存在食物嵌塞。

Results With the titanium-miniplates, the fractures were satisfactorily fixed in all cases with satisfied occlusion, but one had local malocclusion that was rectified by intermaxillary traction.

结果 52例患者创口均Ⅰ期愈合，骨折愈合良好，51例恢复到术前咬合关系，有1例固定后出现咬合关系不良。经颌间牵引后恢复正常咬合关系。

The inverse calculation method is applied to analyze the internal force and interaction of lining and secant pile wall of the testing project of Shanghai Metro. The

最后，研究了咬合桩复合结构的构造设计，研究了不同咬合桩复合结构形式的防水构造设计要点，并对不同复合结构形式下的咬合桩与主体结构连接的可行方案进行了探讨。

Firstly, the paper introduces the existing conditions of application and research in our country, and they are still in the stage of familiar with and exploring construction methods. The research on design method of the secant pile is little.

首先，文章详细介绍了目前咬合桩结构设计理论和方法在我国的应用和研究情况，目前国内现在咬合桩技术的研究主要针对施工技术进行研究，针对咬合桩复合结构的设计方法的研究较少。

The calculation method of rigidity and reinforcement of different secant pile format is also studied.

随后，研究了不同搭配形式咬合桩作为主体结构使用的可行性，认为荤荤搭配的咬合桩可以作为主体结构一部分使用，但荤素搭配的咬合桩作为主体结构一部分使用要控制素桩的裂缝发展。

Based on the previous viewpoints and the testing project of Shanghai Metro, the research on the theory and design method of the secant pile wall composite structure used as permanent structure is studied in the paper.

基于这样的观点，本文结合上海地铁某咬合桩试验段工程，对咬合桩作为永久结构使用的咬合桩复合结构设计理论和方法进行了研究。

It shows in clinic as tooth sensitivity, pulpitis,periodontitis,food impaction ,deformation of basifacial caused of loss of occlusal height, temporomandibular disorder syndrome, etc. The wear property of artificial tooth material will lead a direct effect to restoration result, when it exists in oral environment. It will cause tooth enamel loss too much in a very short period, if the wear property of artificial tooth superior to tooth enamel; but if it is inferior to tooth enamel, serious wear will occur on restoration occlusions, which will lead to loss of bite functions and even decrease of occlusal vertical dimension, disorder of bite functions, etc. Therefore, it is important to artificialtooth material not only it"s biotic compatibility, mechanical function, chemistry property but also it"s wear property.

当口腔中存在修复体时，人工牙材料的磨耗性能也直接影响临床修复的效果，当其磨耗性能强于天然牙釉质门时，将会引起天然牙釉质过度磨耗；当其磨耗性低于天然牙釉质时，又会在较短时期内引起修复体咬合面磨损过度，失去咬合功能，严重者甚至出现咬合垂直距离降低，咬合功能紊乱等症状因此，对于人工牙材料除了考虑生物相容性、机械性能及化学性能外，还应考虑到材料的磨耗性能，而磨耗率的测定一直是评价天然牙及人工牙磨耗性能的优越指标之一。

It is showed that Class Ⅲ malocclusion samples in this study were significant characterized with longer mandibular corpus, smaller condyle and coronoid process. Meanwhile, the prominence of size difference on chin area was observed, associated with maximum size difference localized on menton area.

两组的有限元素形态分析法(finite element analysis morphometry)比较结果显示：三级异常咬合者有较长的下颚骨体，颏部区域也比正常咬合者大，但condyle及喙状突则较小；另外menton附近区域有最大但是小范围的尺寸差异，是三级异常咬合者和一级正常咬合的差异特徵。

Complete horizontalization of the occlusal plane was achieved in five patients, whereas a cant of 1-4 degrees persisted in six patient.

结果：11例患者均顺利完成治疗，游离皮瓣均获得成功，所有患者面部偏斜畸形及咬合关系得到明显改善，5例患者咬合平面完全摆正，仍有6例患者咬合平面角维持在1°－4°。

Non-occluding teeth with a hypofunctional periodontium have a lower rate of bone remodeling, and are more susceptible to the injury in periodontal tissues caused by orthodontic force than normally occluding teeth, such as hyalinization or undermining bone resorption, even dentin resorption.

正畸治疗中，无咬合接触的牙周膜废用性萎缩牙较正常咬合接触牙对矫治力反应差，骨改建率低，易发生玻璃样变和潜掘性骨吸收，延缓牙移动，因此对无咬合接触牙的临床治疗中应采用轻力。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。