和解

DM Baillie, God Was in Christ; K Barth, The Doctrine of Reconciliation; E Brunner, The Mediator; H Bushnell, The Vicarious Sacrifice; JM Campbell, The Nature of the Atonement; S Cave, The Doctrine of the Work of Christ; RW Dale, The Atonement; FW Dillistone, The Significance of the Cross; J Denney, The Death of Christ and The Christian Doctrine of Reconciliation; RS Franks, The Work of Christ; PT Forsyth, The Cruciality of the Cross and The work of Christ; L Hodgson, The Doctrine of the Atonement; TH Hughes, The Atonement; J Knox, The Death of Christ; RC Moberly, Atonement and Personality; J Moltmann, The Crucified God; L Morris, The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross and The Cross in the NT; RS Paul, The Atonement and the Sacraments; V Taylor, Jesus and His Sacrifice and The Atonement in NT Teaching; LW Grensted, A Short History of the Doctrine of the Atonement; R Wallace, The Atoning Death of Christ.

马克baillie ，上帝在基督里； k巴特，这个学说的和解；电子布兰，调解员； h布什内尔，替代牺牲； jm坎贝尔，但性质赎罪； s洞窟，中庸的工作，基督； rw戴尔，赎罪； FW的dillistone ，十字架的意义； j ，丹尼，死亡的基督和基督教教义的和解；卢比弗兰克斯，这项工作的基督；铂佛塞斯， cruciality的十字架上的工作，基督；升，惠普，这个学说的赎罪；次休斯，赎罪； j诺克斯，死亡的基督；钢筋moberly ，赎罪和人格； j莫特曼，被钉十字架的上帝；升莫里斯，教廷鼓吹的交叉和跨中新台币；卢比保罗，赎罪和圣礼； v泰勒，耶稣和他的牺牲和赎罪在新台币教学； LW的格伦斯特德，历史较短的学说赎罪与r华莱士， atoning死亡的基督。

However, because of the internal defects and the faulty implementation of the system, the criminal composition has caused a series of problems.

然而，由于刑事和解内在的缺陷以及刑事和解制度的不完善，刑事和解也带来了一系列亟待解决的问题。

This article intends to analyze the VOR and explore the possible application procedure based on the current criminal judicial practice including the condition precedent, application scope, application condition, supervision, and advocate VOR in the criminal litigation of the country, in order to protect the legitimate rights of both the criminal and victim to the maxim extent, save the nation's judicial resource and promote the harmonious sociality.

本文主要试图通过对刑事和解的理论分析，结合我国刑事司法实践，对刑事和解制度适用的具体程序，包括适用前提、适用范围、适用条件、法律监督等进行初步探索，力图倡导在我国刑事诉讼过程中全面推行刑事和解制度，以最大限度的保障刑事案件被害人、加害人的合法权益，节约国家司法资源，体现社会和谐。

Criminal reconciliation consist with the penalty goal in the correct sense.But criminal reconciliation can not break through the principle of "Nullum Crimen Sine Lege",and it must operate in the scope "Nullum Crimen Sine Lege".

刑事和解在应然的结果上是与刑罚的目的相一致的，但是刑事和解不能突破罪刑法定的要求，必须在刑法规定的范围之内进行运作。

The third part, the author not only explained the relationships in reconciliation, mediation and trail, but also described the differences that the degree of judger involvement in lawsuit procedure as well as application in law, by inspecting dynamically in reconciliation, and then specifically analyzing the differences among them. The author pointed out reconciliation is not an accessory of trail procedure, but is a system independent from the trail and mediation.

第三部分从动态上对诉讼和解进行考察，既阐述了诉讼和解与调解及审判之间的联系，又从诉讼过程中法官介入的程度以及三者适用法律规范的不同，具体分析了它们之间的差异，指出诉讼和解不是审判程序的一个附属品，而是独立于审判及法院调解的一项制度。

I first study the permissibility of compromise contract in formality and substance under tax law,and then research the relationship of offer in compromise and compromise contract.

本文通过理论和学说来探讨税收法上究竟有无约谈或和解制度适用的可能及其适用要件，即，先在法理上探讨税收法上和解契约形式及内容的容许性，再论税务约谈与和解契约的关系。

The application of the criminal mediation in China has its own justifications:the theory of constructing a harmony society and our criminal justice policy of"co-adjustment of leniency and rigorism"provide it with the theoretical and policy basis;criminal mediation meets the need of our current judicial reality.and it is the effctive way to realize all the interests at best.to eliminate the contradictions among the people,and to resolve the problem of judiclal resources restraint in China:criminal mediation is not only advocated by the United Nations,but also a fashion widely applied in different countries;criminal mediation does not contradict the traditional criminal,justice rationales;instead,it reflects the trend of resolving criminal cases in a diverse way,and our pursuit of diverse values.

刑事和解在我国的适用，具有正当性基础，具体表现在：构建和谐社会理论和宽严相济为刑事和解正当性提供了理论依据和政策基础，刑事和解有助于和谐社会的构建，有利于贯彻宽严相济刑事司法政策；刑事和解是我国司法现实的需要。是实现利益兼得、有效化解矛盾、解决司法资源紧缺问题的重要途径，也是联合国所提倡的，各国通行的解决刑事纠纷的方式之一；刑事和解与传统刑事司法理论并不相悖，体现了解决刑事案件方式的多元化和价值追求的多元化。

Lawyer shall infer the bench mark of the opponent due to evidence, then sketch a plan which is a little down to the bench mark, do not make compromise too soon, and stick to what you think are guaranteed to achieve. Even if a settlement is not been reached in court, a second chance may still be acquired after court.

律师应当根据掌握的证据，充分分析和解的可能性以及对方可能接受的底线，制定和解方案应当超过对方底线，不要太快作出让步，对于一些认为有把握得到的利益，要坚决坚持，哪怕当庭不能和解，事后还可以通过法官向对方传达继续和解的意向。

Although there are no unified regulations on VOM in China now,the practice expresses that there are similarity and commonality on the scope,condition and process of VOM through out the locals, which lay the foundation for the legislate.

虽然目前尚缺乏有关刑事和解的统一法律规定，但检察机关适用刑事和解的实践表明，各地在刑事和解的适用范围、条件、程序等方面都存在着共通性和相似性，从而为立法上确立刑事和解制度奠定了基础。

Lawsuit reconciliation has following characters: firstly, the connotation of lawsuit reconciliation is different from extra-litigation conciliation, court mediation and civil execution reconciliation; secondly, the procedure and result of lawsuit reconciliation is formatted by the rules as well as the consensus.

诉讼和解的制度概貌包括如下几点：其一，在内涵上诉讼和解不同于相邻的诉讼外和解、法院调解以及执行和解；其二，在制度形态上诉讼和解不但强调合意的纯化，其过程和结果还受合意和规范的二元规制，如何评价诉讼和解的功能则存在多样化基准；其三，诉讼和解制度植根于民事诉讼的基本原则，又推动了诉讼原则的更新。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。