和电路

With internationally latest studies, the paper also proposes some biquadrate filters which are capable to perform the functions of second-order low pass、 high pass、 band pass、 band stop、 all pass filtering by selecting one of the three inputs or their proper combinations from the same configuration, furthermore whose natural frequency and the quality factor can be tuned independently. Then a continuous-time biquadratic filter using CCCII is proposed, which can be used in hearing aids and in other analog signal processing applications. Lastly a current mode and a voltage mode novel n-order filters of multifunction are presented. Not all both of the n-order filters are electronic tunable,but also they are integrated conveniently and compatible with VLSI technology.

尽量的全面归纳以电流控制传送器为有源器件的有源网络模拟电路、模拟信号处理电路，借鉴国内外最新研究成果，提出两种基于CCCⅡ的双二阶滤波器，这些电路在不需要改变电路结构的情况下，能同时实现低通、高通、带通、带阻或全通多种滤波功能，并且滤波器的特征频率ω_0和品质因数Q可实现独立调节；其中一种基于CCCⅡ的双二阶滤波器，首次提出将CCCⅡ应用于可编程助听器领域；最后设计了两种高阶滤波器，电压模式和电流模式各一种，这两种滤波电路均能实现多种滤波功能，能实现滤波器参数的电调谐，具有易于集成等优点。

Three elements should be calculated in first-order circuit, which can synthesise analytical solution. Second-order series RLC and parallel RLC both can be calculated by the general function, which uses the Matlab to calculate differential equations. Generally, second-order and high-order circuits use Laplace transformation to formulate circuit equation, and get analytical solution by using Laplace inverse transform.

一阶电路先计算3要素，后合成解析结果；RLC串联和并联的二阶电路采用自编的通用函数计算，自编函数采用了Matlab求解微分方程的符号运算方法；一般的二阶电路和高阶电路采用拉氏变换列写电路方程，再用拉氏反变换得到解析结果。

Then the types of upper sensors are determined. The CMOS chip AT89C2051 is used in this system because there is only a small quantity of program to be stored. This system uses wireless transmission module D21DL to form the network of wireless transmission. In this way, such disadvantages as low removability and expansibility and longtime construction are avoided. Digital filtering method is applied to improve anti-jamming performance.

由于程序存储量较少，现场的CPU选用ATMEL公司的低档型芯片AT89C2051；为了避免采用有线数据传输导致的系统可移动性差、系统扩充性能差和系统布置线缆繁琐、施工周期长等缺点，本系统采用了无线数据传输模块D21DL构成系统无线网络传输；同时设计了包括电源电路、显示电路、存储电路和报警电路等构成系统的所有电路。

The main content of this dissertation includes: 1. Research on the theory of ultrasonic power supply, introduce its development process. On the basis of these, fix on the scheme of medical ultrasonic low-power supply. 2. According to the principle of modularized design, divide medical ultrasonic low-power supply into four parts. They are power amplify circuit, power control circuit, frequency automatic tracking circuit and matching circuit. Separately research on their theories and design their circuits and necessary programs, especially, effectively resolve the problem tracking the supersonic vibration system with a narrow syntony frequency bandwidth and a high swing. 3. The matching experiments gain good result, and prove that medical ultrasonic low-power supply is entirely up to the mustard on intellectualization, wide band of working frequency, steady output and high efficiency.

本文工作的主要内容包括： 1、研究了超声功率电源的原理，并回顾了它的发展过程，在此基础之上确定本文医用小功率超声电源的设计方案； 2、按照模块化的设计原则，将医用小功率超声电源的设计分解为功率放大电路、功率控制电路、频率自动跟踪电路和匹配电路等四个部分，分别研究了各部分的原理，在此基础之上进行了具体的电路设计和程序设计，尤其是有效地解决了对谐振频率带宽窄振幅高的超声振动系统的频率跟踪问题； 3、通过与超声振动系统的各项配合实验，取得了很好的实验结果，验证了医用小功率超声电源完全满足智能化、工作频带宽、输出功率稳定、输出效率高的设计要求。

First it analyses all-around design of the electronic computer-based interlocking system and each module then from introducing CAN bus it lucubrates design of the censorial module's software and hardware which is based on CAN bus of signal lamp's stimulant state then the hardware's circuit of the entire system's censorial module is made up of opsonic circuit collecting circuit microcontrolled circuitcircuit of communication interrupt circuit of overcurrenting and reset circuit.

首先对全电子计算机联锁系统的总体设计及各个执行模块进行全面的分析和研究，然后通过介绍 CAN总线技术，着重研究了基于 CAN总线的信号灯模拟状态监测模块的软硬件设计，其中整个系统监测模块的硬件电路主要由硬件调理电路、采集电路、微控制电路、通信电路、高过流中断电路、复位电路等部分组成。

First, it analyses all-around design of the electronic computer-based interlocking system and each module, then from introducing CAN bus, it lucubrates design of the censorial module%26rsquo;s software and hardware which is based on CAN bus of signal lamp%26rsquo;s stimulant state, then the hardware%26rsquo;s circuit of the entire system%26rsquo;s censorial module is made up of opsonic circuit, collecting circuit, microcontrolled circuit,circuit of communication, interrupt circuit of overcurrenting and reset circuit.

首先对全电子计算机联锁系统的总体设计及各个执行模块进行全面的分析和研究，然后通过介绍CAN总线技术，着重研究了基于CAN总线的信号灯模拟状态监测模块的软硬件设计，其中整个系统监测模块的硬件电路主要由硬件调理电路、采集电路、微控制电路、通信电路、高过流中断电路、复位电路等部分组成。

To take a contrast,separately introduced several kind of filter circuits,and gave a separately analysis to ripple ratio which used in the commutated circuit and the filter circuit.

作者主要讨论了整流电路和滤波电路的基本工作原理，分别介绍了几种基本的滤波电路以用来作为对比分析，对整流电路和滤波电路的参数脉动系数分别进行了具体的分析。

The paper introduces the studies and the development of an intellective soilless culture system on mixing and irrigating. The system is closed-circuited and its main controlling parameters are consistence value and acidity value of the nutrient liquid.

本论文研究内容是智能温室营养液配液及供液控制系统的研究与开发，该控制系统是以养液浓度和酸度为主要调控参数的闭环控制系统，主要包括开关量输入/输出电路、模拟量输入电路、液晶电路、键盘显示接口电路、设备驱动电路和执行机构等。

Voltage Source and Current Source, Thevenin Theory, Trouble Shooting, Characteristic Curve of Diode, Diode Models, Rectifier Circuits, Input Filtering Capacitor, Voltage Multiplier Circuits, Limiter and Clipper Circuits, DC Clampers and Peak-to-peak Detectors, Zener Diode, Zener Diode Rectifier, Photoelectric Devices, Collector-Emitter Junction, Transistor Characteristics of common-emitter, Base Bias, LED Dirver, Establishing a Stable Q-point, PNP Transistor Biasing, Transistor Biasing, Coupling and By-Pass Capacitors, AC Emitter Resistance, Common-Emitter Amplifier, Other Common-Emitter Amplifiers, Cascaded Common-Emitter Amplifiers, AC Load Line, Emitter Follower, Class B Push-pull Amplifiers, JFET Characteristic Curve, JFET Biasing, JFET Amplifier, VMOS Circuit, Differential Amplifier, Operational Amplifier, Non-inverting Feedback, Negative Feedback.

电子学实验( S0704)(1，1)/应用电子学实验( S0472)(1，1)电压源和电流源、戴维宁定理、故障排除、二极体特性曲线、二极体近似模型、整流电路、电容-输入型滤波器、倍压电路、限制器电路和峰值检测电路、直流定位器与峰对峰检测器、齐纳二极体、齐纳二极体整流器、光电元件、集射极接面、集极特性曲线、基极偏压、LED驱动器、建立一个稳定的工作点 Q 、 PNP 电晶体偏压、电晶体偏压、耦合及旁路电容、交流射极电阻、共射极放大器、其他 CE 放大器、串接共射极放大器、交流负载线、射极随耦器、 B 类推挽式放大器、 JFET 特性曲线、 JFET 偏压、 JFET 放大器、 VMOS 电路、差动放大器、运算放大器、非反向电压回授、负回授。

The design was started from the top, according to the function, it divides into four sections: Loses the human electric circuit, the keyboard and display circuit, the control and storage circuit and the output circuit.

设计中采用自顶向下的方法，把系统电路按功能划分为四个模块：输入电路、键盘和显示电路、控制和存储电路以及输出电路。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。