和向量

The article analysed the foreign trade effect to macroscopical economy through metric analysis method, the VAR model that uses vector to be returned to oneself will be opposite income of foreign trade amount, import total, export total, finance and foreign currency exchange rate undertake VAR is returned to, reach the; of cross correlation relation of many variable answered function to analyse the long-term and harmonious relationship between foreign trade and reform economic norms through concussion.

本文通过计量分析方法分析了进出口贸易对宏观经济的影响，运用向量自回归的VAR模型来对进出口贸易总额、进口总额、出口总额、财政收入和外汇汇率进行VAR回归，得出多个变量的互相关联关系；通过冲击响应函数分析了进出口贸易和改革经济指标间的长期均衡关系。

Principal curvatures and principal directions are obtained by computing in closed form the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of certain 3×3 symmetric matrices defined by integral formulas, and closely related to the matrix representation of the tensor of curvature.

通过计算3×3对称矩阵的特征值和特征向量可以得出主曲率和主方向，而该对称矩阵是由积分公式定义并且与曲率张量的矩阵表达密切相关。

The shape-form analysis and load analysis were done by nonlinear FEM. On the basis of surface FEM grid nodes, geometry property research of structure curved surface was progressed, including normal vector, GAUSS curvature, mean curvature and principal direction vector. In this process, the approximate expression of surface didn't need to he known.

采用非线性有限元法进行了膜结构的形态分析和荷载分析，得到了曲面有限元网格；通过离散微分几何方法，研究了薄膜结构曲面的几何性质，包括曲面的法线向量、高斯曲率、平均曲率和主方向矢量，避免了复杂的曲面拟合过程。

In this thesis, we implement a computational procedure to categorize and classify 3-D objects from their contour under a simple environment. First, we use foreground detection, Canny edge detection and speedy GVF snake to obtain the object's contour. The contour is then used to establish the object's features. Two databases are built using methods which compute similarity by modified aspect-combination algorithm proposed by Cyr and Kimia and new proposed aspect-combination algorithm. By using these two databases, we recognize 3-D objects using four recognition methods and compare their performance. Finally, a conclusion is made that our newly proposed algorithm is better than the modified algorithm proposed by Cyr and Kimia.

在本论文中，对一个在单纯环境下的三维物体，由撷取到辨识出此物体做了一个完整的实现，首先，利用前景侦测结合肯尼边缘侦测法和加速的梯度向量流动态轮廓侦测法，来得到物体轮廓，接著利用此轮廓找寻出物体的特徵，然后配合计算相似度的方法，代入修改后的Cyr and Kimia的外观结合演算法（aspect-combination algorithm）和新提出的外观结合演算法去建资料库，然后，对於三维物体则依据两种不同方法所建出的资料库，利用四种辨识的方法来辨识并比较其结果，最后得出新提出的外观结合演算法是优於修改后的Cyr and Kimia的外观结合演算法的结论。

Three ways were first put forward to describe QoS preference information based on the theory of multiple-attribute decision, which were orders vector, AHP matrix and language valuation collection, and the concrete methods of conversion and computation were given out.

基于多属性决策理论，首先提出了QoS偏好信息的三种描述方式：序关系向量、AHP矩阵和语言评价集合，并给出了相应的转化和计算方法。

Three ways were first put forward to describe QoS preference information based on the theory of multiple-attribute decision,which were orders vector,AHP matrix and language valuation collection,and the concrete methods of conversion and computation were given out.

基于多属性决策理论，首先提出了QoS偏好信息的三种描述方式：序关系向量、AHP矩阵和语言评价集合，并给出了相应的转化和计算方法。随后，把QoS偏好的处理策略应用于服务选择，提出一个相对最优服务的确定方法，该方法可以反映用户的QoS偏好，满足用户按需服务的需求。

The thesis reviews the concerned study status of domestic and overseas first, then make factor analysis for ice flood, Partial Least-square model, Artificial Neural Network based on Genetic Algorithm model, Support Vector Machine model for ice drift, ice freeze and ice break are established. The results are reasonable and precise.

首先阐述了国内外有关研究现状，然后对影响黄河宁蒙段凌汛的三大因素(热力因素、动力因素、河势因素)进行了理论分析，在此基础上分别对流凌日期、封河日期和开河日期研制了偏最小二乘回归模型、改进人工神经网络模型和支持向量机模型，试预报结果表明，所建立模型精度高，预报结果令人满意。

The contourlet transform used in the system was constructed by dual tree complex wavelet transform followed by critically subsampled directional filter banks, sub-bands energy and standard deviations were cascaded to form feature vectors, and the similarity metric was Canberra distance. The performance of retrieval system was compared including original contourlet transform, non-subsampled contourlet transform, semi-subsampled contourlet transform and CCT under the same system structure.

该系统采用的复数轮廓波变换由双树复小波变换级联临界下采样方向滤波器构成，特征向量采用子带系数的能量和标准偏差连接而成，以Canberra距离为相似度度量标准；比较了基于同样架构的基本轮廓波变换、无下采样轮廓波变换、半下采样轮廓波变换和CCT纹理检索系统的性能。

The contourlet transform used in the system was constructed by dual tree complex wavelet transform followed by critically subsampled directional filter banks, sub-bands energy and standard deviations were cascaded to form feature vectors, and the similarity metric was Canberra distance.

该系统采用的复数轮廓波变换由双树复小波变换级联临界下采样方向滤波器构成，特征向量采用子带系数的能量和标准偏差连接而成，以Canberra 距离为相似度度量标准；比较了基于同样架构的基本轮廓波变换、无下采样轮廓波变换、半下采样轮廓波变换和CCT 纹理检索系统的性能。

Extended the semi-analytical finite element method into the Dugdale model of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, the analytical elements based on the Dugdale model of mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ crack are constructed. The formulas for the stiffness matrices and load vectors of analytical elements are deduced.

将上面的半解析有限元法应用于弹塑性断裂力学中的Dugdale模型，分别构造了基于Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型Dugdale模型的裂纹解析元，并建立了解析单元的出口刚度阵和荷载向量的列式。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。