命题逻辑

According to the logical rule of hypothetical proposition and disjunctive proposition , whose logical validity is decided by hypothetical plus disjunctive inference using " reducto and absurdum", polylemma is the using form of the 12 inference models.

根据假言、选言命题的逻辑规定，可构造出 1 2种推理模式。采用归谬赋值法，对其有效性进行判定，"N难推理"便是这种推理的语用形式

Entailment is a relation of inclusion if x entails y, the meaning of x is included in y.

两个命题之间的语义关系或逻辑关系。

If a proposition expressive of such a move is to be genuinely informative or expansive in relation to the premises, then its truth must be established in some way other than by logical entailment from preceding steps.

如果一个命题表达一个推进，就是要真正提供扩展的信息，关联于前设的，那么其真必须以某种区别于之前步骤的逻辑蕴涵的其他方式来建立。

There is much difference in between. In Chinese context, the word "created" usually refers to those unprecedented constructive acts, with some ideological nature. The connotation and denotation thereof has much uncertainty and extensionality.

这一命题对于实践美学的重要性，不但是由于它实际上居于实践美学理论体系的逻辑起点的位置，而且是由于它直接出自我国美学界，乃至社会科学界最重要、最权威的思想宝库———马克思的经典典籍。

It is impossible to logically infer the classically expressed geodesic differential equation from the ontology differential geometry. Besides, the initial proposition how to construct a functional extreme value problem for the shortest curve on a surface, which was supposed first by Gauss, would be an improper formal expression with a wrong premise.

不仅仅无法由"实体论"微分几何逻辑地推导出经典的测地线方程，而且Gauss曾经为"曲面上最短线"问题所构造的泛函极值命题，实质上属于一个"前提认定"完全错误的不当表述。

1231 The mark of a logical proposition is not general validity.

6.1231 逻辑命题的特征不是普遍有效性。

1232 The general validity of logic might be called essential, in contrast with the accidental general validity of such propositions as 'All men are mortal'.

6.1232 逻辑的普遍有效性同"凡人皆有死"这类命题的偶然的普遍有效性相对比，可以称为本质的普遍有效性。

Based upon the logic examination, this paper supplies a new conditional extreme value model for the proposition and generally reveals the wrong guide of Gauss's intrinsic geometry in logic.

在针对经典结论进行逻辑审查的基础上，为该命题重新构造了一个属于"条件泛函极值"范畴的形式定义，并大致叙述Gauss"内蕴几何"的在形式逻辑上必然存在的导向性错误。

Predicate logic: also predicate calculus, which studies the internal structure of simple propositions.

谓词逻辑：也叫谓词演算，它研究简单命题的内部结构。

Elementary logic and Algebra Propositional calculus, quantifiers.

初等逻辑和代数命题演算，量词。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。