命题

The analysis includes three aspects:(1) The difficulty and reason of ultimate analysis's atomic hypothesis;(2) The difficulty and reason of analytic proposition's picture theory;(3) The difficulty between the proposition of Tractatus Logico-philosophicus itself and the anti-metaphysics proposition.

主要从三个方面来分析：(1)分析终极的原子性假设的困难及原因；(2)分析命题意义的图像论的困难及原因：(3)《逻辑哲学论》本身的命题与拒斥形而上学命题之间的困难。

Then we deeply studied the completeness of LP . Consequently, we established:(1) The completeness theorem of LP with truth-value in finite Lukasiewiczchain;(2) The completeness theorem of LP with truth-value in complete and atomic lattice implication algebras;(3) The completeness theorem of LP with truth-value in injective lattice implication algebras.

建立了：（1）基于Lukasiewicz有限链的格值命题逻辑系统LP的完备性定理；（2）基于完备的且原子的格蕴涵代数的格值命题逻辑系统LP的完备性定理；（3）基于内射的格蕴涵代数的格值命题逻辑系统LP的完备性定理。

Logical atomism suggests that proposition or sentence is the picture of actual being or existence, and atomic proposition is the picture of atomic fact, and molecular proposition is the picture of complicated fact, while language is the big picture of the world.

逻辑原子主义认为，命题是实在或事态的图像：原子命题是原子事实的、分子命题是复杂事实的、语言则是世界的总图像。

Propositions like Russell's 'axiom of reducibility' are not logical propositions, and this explains our feeling that, even if they were true, their truth could only be the result of a fortunate accident.

如罗素的"可归纳性公理"这类命题不是逻辑命题，这就说明了我们的这种感觉：即使这些命题为真，也只能是一件碰巧的偶然事情。

The theory of compound propositions inference, The theory of categorical proposition inference, The modal logic, Foundational laws of logic ,The theory of inductive logic ,The theory of proof and refutation.

主要有：概念的理论，命题的理论，复合命题推理，直言命题推理，模态逻辑，逻辑规律和归纳推理。

On the basis of the supposition that the causative structures are composed of two propositions, one of which is causer, the other is the result, we adopted Dowty's bisentential analysis to describe and interpret Chinese causative structures in the framework of Minimalist Program.

我们认为致使句式是由两个相关联的命题构成，第一个命题表示致使事件，第二个命题表示致使结果。在此认识的基础上我们采用"双句分析法"对汉语的致使结构进行描写与解释。

Syllogistic inference works on the principle that the term common to both premises, the "middle term," must be related to each of the other two terms such that a conclusion is necessarily forced regarding the relation of the two terms to one another.

三段论中有一个对两个前提都适用的"用词"发挥作用，通过"中项"连接（包括前面的命题和推断出的命题）前后命题，这个中项必须能传达出结论中必然性，以使得前两个"用词"的连贯。

Even thought the students tell the illustration and the proposition correctly, only few of them know that merely one counter-example is needed to contradict the proposition. Most students are rather inclined to regard the counter-example as restrictions and exceptions just like Lakatos says when the number of counter-example is less and example more than contradict proposition of examples. As a result, they are less able to deny negative proposition.

结果发现即使拥有正确判断图例与命题间关系的学童，在面临同时有正反例图例时，只有极少数学生知道只要一个反例就可驳斥命题，大部分学生在反例较少而正例多时，会倾向如Lakatos所描述把反例视为题目的限制或是特例，而不与有较多正例支持的命题陈述来冲突，故较无法正确拒绝错误命题。

Based on test-score semantics, the canonical method for fuzzy propositions and the organization of fuzzy knowledge base are discussed, and the inference mechanisms of fuzzy expert systems, i.e the fuzzy logic inference for unqualified propositions, the intersection/product syllogism , the consequent conjunction syllogism and the inference of propositional chain ...

基于测试-评分语义学，重点探讨了模糊命题的规范化方法和模糊知识库的组织，研究了模糊专家系统的推理机制：对未限定化命题的模糊逻辑推理；对量化命题的交/积三段论推理，推论连接三段论推理以及命题链的推理。

It goes without saying that this icture aims at revealing a current roblem: what kind of attitude we will choose when facing difficulties and challenges. In this drawing, a football-layer is reared to kick a ball towards the net, where a goal-keeer kees guard.

总体来说，今年的考试大纲还算是比较科学合理的，可能是经过2005和2006两年的磨练导致我们的命题中心的命题专家们越来越能把握命题的主流方向了，专家们的命题思路好象也越来越统一了，今年整个考试大纲包括考试分析和考试大纲解析3本书中并没有出现和往年一样的自相矛盾的情况，这点令人十分的欣慰。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失