命题

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的"现象学阶段"可以被视为他关于"心理学的哲学"的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将"原子命题"解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于"原子命题"之所是的正面解说），维氏的"现象学阶段"乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的"逻辑原子主义"之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的"现象学"观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于"不可说性"与"可说性"的二分法。

In one of these cases the proposition is true for all the truth-possibilities of the elementary propositions.

一种情况是，一个命题对于所有基本命题的真值可能性都为真。

If proposition 2 is true, then proposition 1 is false.

如果说命题二是真的，则证明了命题一是假的。

If an elementary proposition is true, that means, at any rate, one more true elementary proposition.

如果有一个基本命题为真，那就意味着无论如何有多于一个的基本命题为真。

If a proposition is true, then its negation is false and vice versa.

如果一个命题为真，那么其否命题为假；反之亦然。

For example, a necessarily true proposition is a proposition that would be true no matter what possible world was actual.

例如，一个必然真命题，就是无论哪一个可能世界成为现实世界都会是真的命题。

0211 If they world had no substance, then whether a proposition had sense would depend on whether another proposition was true.

2.0211 假如世界没有实体，那么一个命题是否有意义就依赖于另一个命题是否为真。

0211 If the world had no substance, then whether a proposition had sense would depend on whether another proposition was true.

2.0211 如果世界没有实体，那么一个命题有无意义就要取决于另一个命题是不是真的了。

A formal truth is a true proposition to determine whether the formal proposition is of universal effectiveness or relation of satisfaction.

形式真理是断定形式命题具有普遍有效性或者满足关系的真实命题。

Data query for proposition with universal quantifier and data query for implication proposition are two categories of the most practical and difficult data queries.

带有全称量词命题与蕴含命题的数据查询是数据库应用系统中最实用的两类查询，但也是最难的两种数据查询。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失