呼吸群

If we interpret the symptoms of shortness of breath and air hunger in patients with acute lung injury and ARDS as the presenting symptoms of the hungry devils, we may be able to realize why the prone position was termed "Peta recumbency" in Buddhism, and why the old and sick people may not necessarily adopt the right lateral decubitus position during recumbency.

若我们把急性肺损伤及急性呼吸衰竭症候群病人的呼吸困难及其对氧气的饥渴解释成「饿鬼」所表现的症状，则似可理解为何佛教会将俯卧称做「饿鬼卧」，也可理解为何有老病时不必非采用右侧卧不可。

Sleep apnea syndrome is regarded as the most important sleep disorder discovered in the 20th century as well as the significant research direction for sleep medicine. Sleeping breath-ceasing results in a symptom of repeated arterial anoxemia in sleeping, which can easily cause harm to cardio- pulmonary and causes sequela and complicating disease such as excessive day-time sleepiness and drowsy driving, even sudden death in sleeping. In such situations, the disease not only consume a lot of medical resources but also has a bad impact on the patient' living quality.

睡眠呼吸中止症候群被认为是二十世纪所发现最重要的睡眠障碍，也是睡眠医学重要的研究方向，患者因睡眠呼吸中止造成睡眠期间反覆缺氧的结果而容易导致心肺功能受损、白天嗜睡、疲劳驾驶等并发症与后遗症，严重者甚至造成睡眠中猝死，不但耗费医疗资源，也将严重影响患者生活品质。

In patients with severe , fulminating and progressive fat embolism syndrome, treatment as outlined should begin early and promptly.

一旦患者产生脂肪栓塞症候群，就应及早积极的治疗；早期的给予类固醇药物，早期的骨折内固定手术，对於治疗脂肪栓塞症候群和预防呼吸衰竭是有效的方法。

Measurements were based on standard sleep-disordered breathing and arousal indices, and a subset of patients underwent evaluation of pharyngeal pressure and ventilation to determine the mechanism of action of treatment with nasal insufflation.

测量是基於标准睡眠呼吸障碍(sleep-disordered breathing)和短暂觉醒指标，一小群病患接受咽喉压力和呼吸评估，以确定经鼻充气治疗的作用机转。

The word-to-sound rule and the structure of a speech database are modified during the implementation of TTS system, and then a filter algorithm based on part-of-speech is proposed to solve the polyphone problem. Prosodic research on Chinese characters plays a great role in speech recognition and speech synthesis system. In order to improve the naturalness of a speech synthesis system, the relationship among the sentence structure, the length of a sentence and the breath boundaries is analyzed and a breath boundary assigning algorithm based on such relationship is put forward. In addition, the author analyzes the process of a speech synthesis system and builds a prosodic markup language suitable for Chinese speech synthesis.

呼吸群边界划分作为汉语韵律的一种表现方式，它在语音感知和文语转换系统的性能方面起着十分重要的作用，作者在对汉语句法结构、句子长度和和呼吸群划分之间关系的研究基础上，设计并实现了基于句子长度和句法结构的呼吸群边界划分算法；为更好地描述文语转换过程，作者提出了适合汉语语音合成的SSML韵律标注语言，该标注语言不仅从声学层上对语音的韵律进行描述，而且从语言学层上标注句法结构信息，最后本文对基于语言理解的韵律规则用SSML进行了描述并用实验验证了语言学层面的标注对系统自然度的影响。

Electrical and chemical stimulation of raphe subnucleiThe first part of this study was devoted to determining the effects of electrical or chemical stimulation of the medullary raphe nuclei on respiratory movements.

电刺激或化学刺激延髓中缝核群对呼吸运动的影响本课题第一部分系统观察了电刺激及化学刺激延髓中缝核群导致的呼吸运动效应。

Seven grapevine cultivars originated from different regions, i. e.'Carbernet Sauvignon' and'Queen of Vineyard'(two members of the Western Europe Cultivars Group),'Rizamat'(a member of the East Cultivars Group),'Red Double Taste'(a hybridized cultivar from Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.),'1103Paulsen','Red Globe'and 'Autumn Royal'(two new hybridized cultivars between cultivars groups which were warmly planted in recent years) were selected. After different drought stress, a combined measurement of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress to photoinhibition, as well as the role of photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle in photoprotective mechanism. After photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle were separately inhibited, the complementary effect of these two photoprotective pathways was discussed. Detached leaves of different grapevine cultivars, i. e.'Cabernet Sauvignon','Cabernet Franc','Merlot', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen'were selected as materials, and photoinhibition degree, photorespiration activity as well as its photoprotective function under drought stress were studied. The results are as follows: 1. Under the same drought stress treatment, different photoinhibition degrees formed in different grapevine cultivars.

本研究选择不同起源地的葡萄品种－－包括西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后、东方品种群的里扎马特、欧美杂种红双味、美洲种砧木1103Paulsen，以及近年来发展较快的品种群间杂交新品种红地球和皇家秋天等七个品种盆栽苗，在进行不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后，利用气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数同步测定的方法，研究干旱对其光抑制程度的影响，以及光呼吸和叶黄素循环组分在其光保护中的作用；并在分别抑制光呼吸和叶黄素循环的基础上，探讨了赤霞珠葡萄两种光保护机制的互补效应；同时选择不同的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠、品丽珠、梅鹿辄和砧木1103Paulsen的叶片，研究其离体干旱条件下光抑制程度、光呼吸活性及其光保护作用，结果发现： 1。

In 254 cases with the palatoplasty between January 1996 and December 1997, we experience one obstructive sleep apnea after the palatoplasty in a child with Pierre-Robin sequence. Emergency intubation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure were required for restoration of spontaneous respiration.

从1996年一月到1997年12月期间，二年中共有254病人进行颚修补术，我们有一例严重的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，发生在一Pierre-Robin症侯群病人，须要经过紧急插管及连续给予呼吸道正压，而恢复自发性呼吸。

Mechanical ventilation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and refractory hypoxemia was needed in 56 of 58 patients.

有56名病患需要机械式辅助呼吸治疗严重急性呼吸窘迫症候群与顽固型低血氧。

Respiratory center is composed of several groups of nerve cells which produce and regulate respiratory movement in central nervous svstem.

呼吸中枢是指在中枢神经系统里产生和调节呼吸运动的神经细胞群。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。