呼吸作用

In section of control of ventilation, students will learn respiration centers (medullary center, apneustic center, pneumotaxic center), and are required to master pulmonary stretch reflex (Hering-Breuer reflex), to understand other respiratory reflexes, to master the site and features of central chemoreceptor

了解节律性呼吸运动的起源。掌握肺牵张反射，了解其他呼吸反射。化学因素对呼吸活动的调节，掌握外周化学感受器与中枢化学敏感区的定位和功能特点，血液CO2、H+、O2浓度的变化对呼吸活动的影响及其作用机制。

Coenzyme Q10 widely exists in each kind of histiocyte in particular in mitochondrion of the cardic muscle cell, is one kind of important active enzyme in cardic muscle cell, react as electron transfer system in breath-chain of mitochondrion, and is a important part in breath-chain, participates in ATP synthesis.

辅酶Q_(10)广泛存在于各种组织细胞尤其是心肌细胞中的线粒体中，是组织细胞内具有重要作用的活性酶，在细胞线粒体呼吸链即电子传递系统中起递氢体作用，是细胞呼吸链的重要组成部分，参与ATP的合成。

The rate of respiration of adult schistosomes was found to be 1.47+0.19 nmol O2/pair of worm/min or 6.89+1.13 nmol O_2/mg dry wt/min. It was 2.5 fold higher than that obtained by manometric method. This indicates that S. japonicum did have an active aerobic metabolism.

结果表明：酒石酸锑钾对虫的呼吸呈明显的抑制；吡喹酮对虫的呼吸先刺激，在作用1 h后则表现为轻度抑制；在对呼吸有显著影响的浓度下，对虫的糖酵解并无明显影响。

The word-to-sound rule and the structure of a speech database are modified during the implementation of TTS system, and then a filter algorithm based on part-of-speech is proposed to solve the polyphone problem. Prosodic research on Chinese characters plays a great role in speech recognition and speech synthesis system. In order to improve the naturalness of a speech synthesis system, the relationship among the sentence structure, the length of a sentence and the breath boundaries is analyzed and a breath boundary assigning algorithm based on such relationship is put forward. In addition, the author analyzes the process of a speech synthesis system and builds a prosodic markup language suitable for Chinese speech synthesis.

呼吸群边界划分作为汉语韵律的一种表现方式，它在语音感知和文语转换系统的性能方面起着十分重要的作用，作者在对汉语句法结构、句子长度和和呼吸群划分之间关系的研究基础上，设计并实现了基于句子长度和句法结构的呼吸群边界划分算法；为更好地描述文语转换过程，作者提出了适合汉语语音合成的SSML韵律标注语言，该标注语言不仅从声学层上对语音的韵律进行描述，而且从语言学层上标注句法结构信息，最后本文对基于语言理解的韵律规则用SSML进行了描述并用实验验证了语言学层面的标注对系统自然度的影响。

The main results were as follows:'Brumal jujube' with higher respiration rate, which decreased slightly after harvest, and lower ethylene production, which had not the appearance of respiration and ethylene production peak, ethephon with different concentrations all increased respiration rate and the respiration rate increased with the raise of concentration ,which suggested 'brumal jujube ' was respiratory non-climactic fruits.

结果如下：冬枣采后果实呼吸强度高并呈平缓下降趋势，而乙烯释放量较低无明显高峰出现；不同浓度的乙烯利处理增加了果实呼吸强度，处理浓度越大，果实呼吸速率越高，说明冬枣为非跃变型果实；1000μL.L~(-1)乙烯利和100mg.L~(-1)ABA处理可显著提高绿熟冬枣采后的呼吸强度，两者无明显差异，但乙烯利处理显著增加了乙烯释放量、ACC含量和ACO活性，其作用比ABA明显；GA处理抑制了果实呼吸强度和乙烯释放量的增加。

Seven grapevine cultivars originated from different regions, i. e.'Carbernet Sauvignon' and'Queen of Vineyard'(two members of the Western Europe Cultivars Group),'Rizamat'(a member of the East Cultivars Group),'Red Double Taste'(a hybridized cultivar from Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.),'1103Paulsen','Red Globe'and 'Autumn Royal'(two new hybridized cultivars between cultivars groups which were warmly planted in recent years) were selected. After different drought stress, a combined measurement of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress to photoinhibition, as well as the role of photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle in photoprotective mechanism. After photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle were separately inhibited, the complementary effect of these two photoprotective pathways was discussed. Detached leaves of different grapevine cultivars, i. e.'Cabernet Sauvignon','Cabernet Franc','Merlot', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen'were selected as materials, and photoinhibition degree, photorespiration activity as well as its photoprotective function under drought stress were studied. The results are as follows: 1. Under the same drought stress treatment, different photoinhibition degrees formed in different grapevine cultivars.

本研究选择不同起源地的葡萄品种－－包括西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后、东方品种群的里扎马特、欧美杂种红双味、美洲种砧木1103Paulsen，以及近年来发展较快的品种群间杂交新品种红地球和皇家秋天等七个品种盆栽苗，在进行不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后，利用气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数同步测定的方法，研究干旱对其光抑制程度的影响，以及光呼吸和叶黄素循环组分在其光保护中的作用；并在分别抑制光呼吸和叶黄素循环的基础上，探讨了赤霞珠葡萄两种光保护机制的互补效应；同时选择不同的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠、品丽珠、梅鹿辄和砧木1103Paulsen的叶片，研究其离体干旱条件下光抑制程度、光呼吸活性及其光保护作用，结果发现： 1。

It can improve the pulmonary ventilation ,promote the respiration gas exchanges in lungs and decrease the high pressure in pulmonic vessels as well.

结合文献综述，探讨分析了太极拳运动特殊的呼吸方法对呼吸功能的改善作用，认为太极拳运动呼吸方法有利于改善肺通气及肺换气状况，降低肺动脉高压状态，此为太极拳运动对慢性呼吸系统疾病保健康复作用的关键因素。

The results obtained suggest that like the analgesic action of morphine, there is an antagonistic modulation by monoamines of morphineinduced respiratory depression, i. e. 5-HT and DA function as the depressant mediators and NE as an excitatory mediator, and that a central #alpha#-adrenergic system is involved in the action of morphine on the respiratory centers.

上述结果提示中枢内存在的单胺类拮抗性调制系统在吗啡的呼吸抑制效应中起一定作用，5-经色胺和多巴胺系统加强吗啡的呼吸抑制效应，去甲肾上腺素系统则相反，后者的作用是通过，一受体而不是户受体实现的。

Aim:(1) The purpose of this study is to examine whether protein tyrosine kinase and AMPA receptor in the nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguus were involved in the regulation of normoxia and hypoxia respiratory response by microinjection of PTK inhibitor and non-NMDA receptor antagonist;(2) To observe the change of number of phosphotyrosine immunopositive neurons in NTS and NA before and after hypoxia using immunohistochemical methods and whether tyrosine phosphorylation and GluR1 in postsynaptic membrane co-localize in NTS and NA neurons.

目的：(1)观察向家兔脑干孤束核或疑核内微量注射酪氨酸蛋白激酶阻断剂和谷氨酸AMPA受体阻断剂对常氧呼吸和低氧呼吸反应的影响，探讨PTK和AMPA受体在低氧呼吸反应中的作用。(2)观察低氧通气后NTS和NA磷酸化酪氨酸免疫阳性神经元的数量变化；观察磷酸化酪氨酸和AMPA受体亚单位GluR1在突触后膜共存的情况，推测在低氧呼吸反应中AMPA受体和PTK信号转导途径的关系。

Except for inspiration inhibition reflex,lung inflation might have another effect on respiratory center var vagus.

除吸气抑制反射外，肺充气通过迷走神经对呼吸中枢可能产生了另一种作用，其作用效果主要体现在呼吸周期的改变上。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。