呼吸作用

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

Seawater reacts with carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid, decreasing the pH of the oceans.

海水跟二氧化碳发生反应生成碳酸，降低了海水的pH值，结果对海洋本身的环境造成了影响，如：破坏珊瑚和其他水生动物的呼吸作用。

Ribusco-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase located in the chloroplast is the most abundant protein in the leaves of light-grown plants.

1，5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶位于植物叶绿体中，是绿色植物中含量最丰富的蛋白，它催化CO2固定和光呼吸作用的第一步。

Catabolism Metabolic reactions involved in the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds as, for example, inrespiration.

分解代谢：这种代谢反应主要是把复杂的分子分解为简单的化合物，例如呼吸作用。

The effects of mefenacet on catalase activity in soil and soil respiration was studied.

通过模拟实验研究了水稻除草剂苯噻苯胺对土壤中过氧化氢酶活性及对土壤呼吸作用强度的影响，并研究了其在不同条件下水解和光解的效果。

Effects of iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium on catalase in soil and soil respiration were studied by simulation in laboratory.

通过模拟实验研究了除草剂碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中过氧化氢酶活性和土壤呼吸作用的影响。

Results as bellows: AtSIRT1 was located in Mitochondrial as hSIRT4 of human, and maybe take part in respiration and electron transformation chain, AtSIRT2 was located in nucleolus as hSIRT6 of human, maybe play important role in extend lifespan;mutation in AtSIRT1 leaded to cotyledon of plant turn to yellow and caused short life span. Mutation in AtSIRT2 could make the color of leaf turn to purple and accumulate a lot of anthocyanin;Sirtinol, a inhibitor of SIRT which did not cause the same model of the mutation of AtSIRT1 and AtSIRT2 indicated that the mechanism of Sirtinol was different from other organism;the structure of AtSIRT1 and AtSIRT2 were similar to other known Sir2, which indicated that they maybe have the same function;AtSIRT2 was overexpressed and its activity was detected.

结果表明，1，拟南芥AtSIRT1与人的同源蛋白hSIRT4相同，定位于线粒体，可能参与呼吸作用和电子传递，SIRT2与人的同源蛋白hSIRT6相同，定位于细胞核，可能同它的功能类似，在延缓衰老及调节细胞寿命方面起作用。2，AtSIRT1突变，可引起幼苗和植株的子叶变黄和早衰；AtSIRT2突变，可引起叶片发紫，沉积大量花青素。3，SIRT蛋白的抑制剂Sirtinol不能表型模写AtSIRT1和AtSIRT2突变体，说明Sirtinol在拟南芥中的作用机制不同于其他生物。4，AtSIRT1和AtSIRT2蛋白质结构预测表明与已知的Sir2蛋白相似，揭示其功能的相似性。5，在大肠杆菌中过量表达了其中一个基因(AtSIRT2)，可体外检测其酶学活性，进一步证明其功能。

Dissimilatory Fe oxide reduction under anaerobic condition is a process which is an anaerobic respiration with Fe as the terminal electron acceptor. This anaerobic respiration showed important environmental significances. Dissimilatory Fe reducers can use diverse electron acceptors including many toxic heavy metals and metalloids such as Mn、Cr、Co insides Fe. So these toxic metals were detoxified or were immobilized reductively.

这种厌氧呼吸作用具有重要的环境学和地学意义，Fe还原微生物可利用除Fe以外的许多其它电子受体包括许多有毒重金属和类金属，如Mn、Cr、Co等，从而对这些有毒重金属起到还原解毒或还原固定的作用；还原过程还可促进一些有机污染物的降解； Fe氧化物的还原偶联着Si、P等元素的变化，对提高这些营养元素的有效性发挥着重要作用。

The AAA metal protease of pea could degrade abnormal and non-native cytochrome oxidases of mitochondrial inner membrane and thus plays an important role in respiration.

豌豆此种金属蛋白酶可以降解线粒体内膜上非正常态的细胞色素氧化酶，在呼吸作用中发挥重要作用。

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, which is involved in almost all metabolisms of plants, s...

磷在植物所有的重要代谢过程如光合作用和呼吸作用中有非常重要的生理作用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。