周质

In the normal group, electron microscopy showed normal chondrocytes were oval, and cells and cell membrane were intact. In cytoplasm, there were abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosome, and mitochondria with intact nucleus, and even chromatin. In the model group, chondrocytes exhibited obvious pyknosis and their shape was irregular. The areolae around cells disappeared; cell organs in cytoplasm coagulated to flaps which showed electron dense and was uneasy to observe; the shape of nucleus showed irregularity, and caryotin gathered densely.

电镜下正常对照组软骨细胞呈椭圆形，细胞及胞膜完整，包质内可见丰富的粗面内质网、高尔基体、线粒体，细胞核完整，染色质分布均匀；模型对照组软骨细胞明显固缩且外形不规则，细胞周晕消失，胞浆内细胞器凝成高电子密度的片状物不易分辨，细胞核不规则，染色质浓聚，散裂于核中。

Before degradation: limpid stereo reticular structure of PLGA; One week after degradation: PLGA was corroded and the reticular structure was decreased; Three weeks after degradation: airspace was gradually disappeared and the reticular structure was further decreased; Five weeks after degradation: airspace and the reticular structure were completely damaged, which was in an indefinite form.

降解前PLGA(丙交酯和乙交酯的摩尔比为90∶10)支架材料呈清晰的三维立体网状空隙结构；降解1周后，材料表面受侵蚀，网状结构减少，孔洞局灶性连接呈片状；3周时材料表面受侵蚀现象加重，空隙逐渐消失，网状结构进一步减少，聚合物融合呈大片状；5周后材料空隙、网状结构完全消失，呈不定型均质状。

In the part 3 of the thesis, we develep the animal model using the method of part 2 of the thesis. 6weeks later, Clearance of focal lesion in necrosis femoral head is performed. Cancellous bone adding rhBMP〓 is implanted in the space after sequestrum cleaning. Imagical、morphology and biomechanics study show its result is superior to traditional cancellous bone grafting.

因此，在论文的第三部分，我们首先按照本论文的第二部分的方法，制作股骨头坏死的动物模型，6周后，行坏死股骨头病灶清除术，分别采用将松质骨、〓+松质骨屑植入死骨清除后空腔内，通过影像学、形态学及生物力学研究显示，〓+松质骨组的成骨速度及质量优于传统的松质骨移植。

CHC: Intra-bone strength was higher than that of PCHC at 2 weeks, decreased at 4 weeks, gradually increased at 8, 12, and 16 weeks, but still lower than intension of normal cancellated bone.

碳酸化羟基磷灰石骨水泥：2周时骨内植入强度较多孔碳酸化羟基磷灰石骨水泥略高，4周时有所降低，8，12，16周时略升高，但是始终低于正常松质骨的强度。

RESULTS: In the SH-rhBMP-2 group, sparse chondroid tissue could be found at the 2 weeks of operation, which arranged orderly along the tibial tunnel from 4 to 8 weeks, tendon adhered to adjacent tissue stably, and bony tissue was appeared at the 12 weeks.

结果：透明质酸钠-重组人骨形态发生蛋白2亚组在术后2周隧道内见稀疏软骨样组织，4~8周时隧道内见沿骨隧道排列的软骨样组织，双股肌腱之间形成稳定组织连接。l2周时出现部分骨样组织包裹肌腱。

Four weeks after operation, a large quantity of rosy newly formed bone and green bone trabecula were showed in the BG-COL-PS-HYA group. At week 12, scaffold materials was substituted by new bone tissues basically, and Haversian system was visible. Eight weeks after operation, the results of X-ray film revealed that cortical bone was fully connected.

生物活性玻璃/胶原蛋白/透明质酸/磷酸丝氨酸组术后4周硬组织切片可见大量玫瑰红色新骨和绿色骨小梁形成，术后12周支架已基本由新生骨组织替代，哈弗系统形成；术后8周X射线显示骨皮质连接完整，12周缺损完全修复，髓腔基本再通。

X-ray examination demonstrated that at 4 weeks after implantation, some or even lateral intertransverse bridging regions were unclear, and material density in the repairing group was lower than control group; at 8 weeks after implantation, interspace between up and down bridging was shrunk, and a great quantity of calluses were successively formed; at 12 weeks after implantation, complete confluence was observed, and the density in the repairing group was closed to that in the control group.

结果：采用脱蛋白处理后的松质骨可见大小不等、相互交通、开放孔隙的网架结构，孔径200~500 μm，孔隙率60%左右，其无机成分为羟基磷灰石，有机成分为胶原，力学性能保存良好，细胞相容性良好。X射线片结果显示：植入第4周，横突桥接处部分区域模糊，以内侧明显，此时修复组材料密度略低于对照组；第8周上下桥接部间隙变小，大量连续骨痂生成；12周后完全融合，两组材料密度接近。

Three mice were killed every time at interval, of one, two, three, four, and six weeks after the implantation, and the tissue where the composite was implanted was excised for histologic investigation of heterotopic steogenesis under photomicroscopy.

结果：大鼠骨髓基质细胞体外培养后增殖，植入后2周（1只）、3周（2只1）、4周（1只）、6周（1只），在石膏和陶瓷人工骨复合移植侧载体周边均见骨生长、骨软骨生长和骨髓生长，各阶段中均见纤维组织增生。

Kanic acid was injected into guinea pigs' cochleae and the excitotoxicity model was established. After a week the recombinant plasmid was transferred into SGCs of guinea pigs' cochlea treated with HAT. The following week the expression of NT-3 was examined by the immunohistochemical method, and the morphology of SGNs was observed under the electronic microscope after 4 weeks, in the mean time the changes of auditory brain-stein response were examined.

通过耳蜗灌注海人酸(kainic acid， KA)建立豚鼠耳蜗兴奋性损伤模型，在给KA 1周后利用HAT携带重组质粒进行耳蜗灌注以转染耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞，免疫组化法观察转染后1周NT-3的表达及4周后电镜下螺旋神经节细胞形态学变化，同时观察对听觉脑干诱发电位(auditory brain-stem response， ABR)的影响。

Methods MSCs were cultured with inbred line small-ear cancellous bone of Ban Na pigs . A 1.5 centimeter segmental defect was created in the mid-upper part of the radial shaft of adult rabbit. The defects were implanted into composited xenogeneic bone in experimental group and xenogeneic bone alone in control group , the defects were not filled with anything in blank group . The repair capability of the defects was assessed by scan electron microscope before operation and physical , histology, X-ray , transmission electron microscope, SPECT and bone mineral density examinations 4 , 8 and 12 weeks after operation .

将MSCs与版纳近交系小耳猪松质骨在体外联合培养，兔桡骨中上段制成1.5cm的骨—骨膜缺损模型，实验组植入复合异种骨，对照组植入单纯异种骨，空白对照组不植入任何材料，分别于术前行标本的扫描电镜观察和术后4周，8周，12周各时间点行标本的大体观察，组织学观察，X线片观察，透射电镜观察，SPECT扫描及骨密度测试，比较其骨缺损区骨修复愈合情况。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。