周期

A main feature in developing the theory is that the scope is expanding: from almost periodic function, asymptotically almost periodic function, weakly almost periodic function to pseudo almost periodic function which was introduced by Professor Zhang in 1992. Every extension consumedly enlarges the theory and their applications.

从概周期函数、渐进概周期函数、弱概周期函数，一直到张传义教授在上世纪九十年代初提出的伪概周期函数，每一次函数范围的扩展都大大地丰富了概周期函数的理论和其应用前景。

Access to a large number of Chinese and foreign literatures, this text summarized the life cycle of aphids including anholocyclic type, heteroecious holocyclic type and antoecious holocyclic type, and the important biological characteristics including alternation of generations, difference of hibernation and polymorphism, it offered the theory basic of comprehensive prevention and control.

通过查阅大量的中外文献，对蚜虫生活周期的不全周期生活史、全周期同寄主生活史和全周期异寄主生活史进行了阐述，归纳出蚜虫生活周期中的世代交替、越冬方式的差异、多型现象几个主要生物学特点，为蚜虫的科学控制提供一定的参考价值。

The code plate is equipped with intelligence code, energy code, constitution code, ovulation conclusion table of women with normal catamenia as well as code positioning cooperation method.

8 ，其组成包括衬盘、生理周期盘、代码定位盘和标尺，生理周期盘、代码定位盘和标尺分别配装在衬盘的正、反两面，由盖拴固定在衬盘上，生理周期盘的月日盘周圈上设有月日相应标识，精力盘、智力盘和体力盘周圈上分别设有精、智和体力生理周期循环变化标识，内圈盘依次位于相邻外圈盘上标识内圈：代码定位盘的年份盘周圈上设有 00-99 个年份标识，代码盘上设有智力代码、精力代码、体力代码标识和月经正常女性排卵时间推算表以及代码定位操作方法；标尺为两把，分别配装在生理周期盘和代码定位盘上，生理周期盘上的标尺上设有指示标尺线，代码定位盘上的标尺设有定位代码标识框；本实用新型优生测算器结构简单，测算内容显示直观，操作简便。

We construct a family of iterative mappings, which yield cyclic windows of variant size in the dynamical plane by incorporating cosine functions and non-linear angle variables with parameters. Chaotic attractors and filled-in Julia sets in the different cyclic windows are created by establishing the coordinates of any cyclic windows and the maximal window, then clarifying the relationship of corresponding points between these cyclic windows. The respective images in different windows are continuous but with individual structures.

该算法采用余弦函数及含参的非线性角度变量构造一族使动力平面上各周期窗口的尺度变化的迭代映射；通过计算任意周期窗口和最大周期窗口得出窗口间相应点之间的非线性对应关系，并构造出各周期窗口中的混沌吸引子和充满Julia集，其图案是连续的且结构不同的；选用不同的周期窗口作为基本计算区域，使之与正方形像素矩阵对应，并构造出基本图元，实现了用一个映射构造出多个平面排列图案的算法。

The result shows that:① Annual scale of China's inbound and domestic tourism growth process can be divided into 3 parts: trend, cycle, and impacts of the incidents.② The trend and cycles of inbound tourism are different from the domestic. Inbound tourism grows lineally while domestic grows exponentially.③ Inbound tourism experienced two different kinds of cycles.

结果发现：(1)近20多年来我国入境和国内旅游的成长，在年际尺度上均可分解为趋势项、周期项和事件冲击项3个部分；(2)入境旅游和国内旅游客流量的增长趋势存在一定的差异，入境旅游长期趋势为直线增长，国内旅游长期趋势为指数增长；(3)入境旅游存在2个时间尺度的客流量波动周期，较长的周期为20年，较短的周期为6年，而国内旅游只存在一个10年左右的周期。

We calculated the main effective second order nonlinear optical coefficients of the 〓 quasperiodic superlattice, analyzed the relationship between them and the quasi-periodic structure parameters, studied the extinction phenomenon and the extinction rules in quasi-periodic structure, standardized the expression of frequency conversion in homogenous crystal, periodic and quasi periodic superlattice crystal.

计算了〓准周期超晶格的有效二阶非线性系数，研究了它与准周期各结构参数之间的关系，分析了准周期结构中的消光规律，统一了频率转移效应在均匀材料、周期超晶格和准周期超晶格中的表述。

The data were divided into four groups,A group included 57 cycles:a proximal tubal ligation with distal tubal salingostomy had been introduced to the patients before the IVF.B group included 55 cycles,a salpingectomy had been introduced to the patients before the IVF.C group included 52 cycles:no surgical procedure was adopted before IVF-ET.The control group was defined as D group and included 78 cycles of IVF-ET.

回顾性分析2007年3月至2009年3月在沈阳204医院生殖中心因输卵管性不孕接受IVF-ET 治疗共242周期的临床资料，根据IVF-ET前输卵管情况分4组，A组：57个周期，采用输卵管近端结扎伞端造口术；B组：55个周期，已行输卵管切除术；C组：52个周期，积水未行手术组；D组：78个周期，单纯输卵管阻塞，作为对照组。

The theory of accretion disks are important for many astrophysical phenomena, including Quasars, active galatic nucleic, X-ray binary stars, and young stellar objects. The most important branch of accretion djsk theory is the stability properties of djsks. It is widely considered that the luminosity variations of various astronomical objects are associated with the instability of accretion disk. The viscosity plays an important role in the accretion disk theory, and magnetic field exists commonly in astronomical phenomena. A more realistic analysis of the stabihty of the accretion disk should include both the radjal and azimuthal perturbations because of the strong shear of viscous flow.In this paper, according to the luminosity Variations of Various astronomical objects, we study the radial-azimuthal instability of an isothermal with magnetic field. We find that the radial and azimuthal fields B〓,B〓 are mainly responsible for enhancing the instability of the magneto-acoustic modes and non-axisymmetric modes,and that pulsational oscillations are larger in the radial than in the Z direction. The model may be useful in explaining the periodic light variation of FU orionis and. T Tauri stars.

在许多天体物理现象中，例如活动星系核，X-射线双星和年青的恒星理论中，吸积盘理论起着重要的作用，而吸积盘理论中的一个重要分支是吸积盘的不稳定性理论，普遍认为活动天体的周期，准周期光变现象与吸积盘的不稳定性有关，在吸积盘理论中，粘滞起着重要的作用，而磁场是天体物理中普遍存在的现象，对于几何薄吸积盘不稳定性分析，由于强剪切流的缘故，应该包括径向和环向扰动两个方面，本文结合天体物理中的各种周期，准周期光变现象，研究了含磁场的等温薄吸积盘的径向-环向振荡不稳定性，结果表明：磁场的径向和环向分量对磁声模和非轴对称模的不稳定性的增加起着主要的作用，且径向振荡大于轴向振荡，所得结果有利于解释FU Orionis和T Tauri Stars的周期光变现象。

There are 13.944335 synodic months in a full moon cycle, the 251-month cycle approximates the full moon cycle to 13.944444 synodic months and the 767-month cycle approximates the full moon cycle to 13.9454545 synodic months .

一个满月周期相当于13.944335交点月，251个月（18个周期）的周期接近13.944444交点月，而767个（55个周期）月的周期使满月周期对应为13.9454545焦点月。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失