启蒙地

This paper suggests that this academic trend of "borrowing" was directly originated from the policy of "reform and opining up" for the last thirty years in the society and big cultural environment of Mainland China, such as the decline of "revolution and enlightenment", the rise of "self-description", and the "passion for the studies of academicism" aroused in recent years.

本论文认为，最直接地催生了这一学术「挪借」潮流的，是中国大陆30年来「改革开放」所营造的社会与文化的大环境，比如「革命与启蒙」的衰落与「自我叙述」的兴起，以及近年来出现的「学院研究热」等。

In the third chapter, by analyzing the relationship of the enlightening narration and the narration of daily life which assisted, penetrated and covered with each other, we can find the distinct feature of Tie Ning"s novels: It has the kindness of daily life narratives in the enlightening of life .In addition, by analyzing the narration of daily life, double position of intellectual and Populace, and the distinct feature of Tie Ning"s novels which enlightening narration had been added into narration of daily life was presented.

第三部分，在全面分析自"五四"以来文学叙述中启蒙与日常生活叙事相互纠缠、遮蔽的关系，指出铁凝作品的独特性：生命启蒙之中透露着日常生活化的温暖，通过对其文本中日常生活叙事地分析，揭示其将启蒙叙事融注在日常生活叙事之中这一独特性，及其知识分子和平民化的双重立场。

As a part of enlightening culture, the enlightening literature is definitely a window that publicizes the logos spirit, however, literature is different from philosophy, literature is the artistic transexpression of the Zeitgeist, but not the direct expression of the rational principles, in the eighteenth century the thought of natural logos brought the production of the free humanity of literature, Faust pursues and explores forward constantly, which stands for the permanent"human"spirit, it means the human's release and rein on the atman, it is the natural situation after breaking the fetters, and it is the revertion of the human natural inbeing; Naive man is the unit that has not been touched by"civilization", it is the origianl nature of human beings, during the conflict and collision of these two different cultures--"nature"and"civilization", it holds the independent free spirit homestead; emotion is natural, when the society made it institutionalized, it is catabolized, Lockersha Na heard the voice of heart under the system of plural marriage, she released the human natural emotion, reverted the natural humanity; under the"civilization", individuality is deprived,"civilization"becomes the contrary of civilization, Rameau's nephew championed the individual existence and freedom in the period of losing"self", it stands for the"self"shaping in the independent pose.

启蒙文学作为启蒙文化的一部分，它自然是张扬自然理性精神的一个窗口，然而，文学又不同于哲学，文学是对时代精神作艺术化的转达，而不是理性原则的直接的传声筒，十八世纪自然理性的思想养料孕育的是文学中自由人性的灿烂之花，浮士德不断地向上求索，代表着永不息止的"人"的精神，"人"的精神是人对于自我本体的一种释放与驾驭，是挣脱枷锁之后的自由状态，是对人之自然本性的还原；天真汉是未曾受过"文明"浸染的个体，代表人类之原本的自然天性，在"自然"与"文明"两种异质文化的冲突与碰撞中，维系着个体独立自由的精神家园；情感本属自然的，在社会将其制度化的同时，也将其异化了，洛克莎娜在一夫多妻制下，聆听的是个体心底之声，释放人之自然感情，复原自然之人性；"文明"下，个体性被剥夺，"文明"已堕入文明的对立面，拉摩的侄儿在"我"丧失的时代，捍卫了个体自我的在场性与自由性，代表了以独立个体之姿存在的"我"。

But we do have distinct indications that the way is now being cleared for them to work freely in this direction, and that the obstacles to universal enlightenment, to man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity, are gradually becoming fewer.

可是现在领域已经对他们开放了，他们可以自由地在这上面工作了，而且对普遍启蒙的、或者说对摆脱自己所加给自己的不成熟状态的障碍也逐渐地减少了；关于这些我们都有着明确的信号。

In his literary and dramatic works, Lessing expressed the thoughts to Enlighten and foster the national sprit and even to set up an integral national civilization; what"s more, he opposed the feudal separationist rule with his ideal of Kosmopolitismus. At that time, after succeeding and developing European humanist tradition, Lessing formed his religious philosophy and religious tolerance, with his rational opinion, he deepened the profundity of German Enlightenment. Furthermore, he created townspeople"s drama and advocated the realistic aesthetics. On the one hand, he praised their disposition and expressed their political desire and class interest, which made the townspeople as a new motive force to the German Enlightenment. In addition, Lessing"s Enlighten. thoughts greatly influenced the following movement—Sturm Und Drang. The essence of Lessing"s thoughts is our common valuable prosperity.In a word. Germany then greatly needed a person like Lessing, and Lessing was the child of German Enlightenment.

面对法国文化长期统治德国文化界的现状，莱辛勇敢地站出来反对"法国化"倾向，对德意志全社会进行民族启蒙，通过戏剧理论及作品，表达了建立统一的民族文化、培植德意志民族精神的思想，同时他提倡世界主义，并用它来为民族主义服务，以反对当时德国的分裂割据；他的宗教哲学思想及宗教宽容精神继承和发扬了西欧的人文主义传统，反映了莱辛的理性观，也针砭了当时德国的时弊，是他对德国启蒙运动进行的有益的探索，拓宽了德国启蒙运动的深度；莱辛在实践中创作了市民剧，他的市民主义和现实主义美学思想弘扬了市民阶级的性格，表达了他们的政治愿望和阶级利益，为德国启蒙运动增加了新的动力，是莱辛所作的杰出贡献之一；莱辛的启蒙思想对后世特别是狂飙突进运动有着重大的影响，他的思想中的精华部分是人类的共同财富。

When American Pop art met the Chinese modernism in that very context, a certain mystery was produced: Pop art was readily understood as a Dadaist destructive art, while its cultural deconstructive property seemed to be ignored. By the early 1990s, due to the political reason, China had undergone its rapid social and cultural transition from Enlightenment era to consumerist era, while artists, who were still in despair because of the failure of cultural Enlightenment movement, found themselves confronted with a completely new economic market and their ideas mingled with those of modernist Enlightenment and post-modern deconstruction.

它以风格上挪用、平面化、去意义、去价值这类语言策略解构和消除现代主义的启蒙神话，成为与后现代主义哲学同构的文化思潮。80年代初沃霍尔访华，尤其是1985年劳申伯在北京和拉萨举办个展开始了美国波普主义在中国的传播，而这时正值中国85现代主义运动的高潮，启蒙和反叛是这一运动的主题，正是这种语境使这种传播产生了十分吊诡的意义落差：波普主义很轻易地被理解为一种达达式的破坏性艺术，而它的文化解构主义色彩反倒不易被体会。90年代初中国社会由于政治的原因急促地完成了由启蒙文化向消费文化的转型，艺术家们还沉迷在文化启蒙运动失败的悲壮气氛中却突然发现自己已深陷在一个一完全陌生的经济世界中，理想的失落和批判身份的丧失使他们的思想开始混杂于现代主义的启蒙建设和后现代主义的解构观念之间，于是，波普主义成为这个时代的一种自然的风格选择。

Its manifesting formality was in proximity to non-rationality, but the ideological arms they made use of to oppose the repudiation and re-evaluation of all traditional values was undoubtedly modern rationality that the modern enlighteners admitted. This phenomenon is just the tactics of"the derationalization of rationality"in the enlightening process.

近现代思想家阐发自己的启蒙思想时，往往以情感——信仰——意志这一思想框架为特点，并顺理成章地将文学创作提到实现启蒙目的的至关重要的地位，其表现形式接近非理性，但藉以反对批判与重估一切传统价值的思想武器却无疑是启蒙者所体认的现代理性，此现象即为启蒙过程中的&理性的非理性化&策略。

In his literary and dramatic works, Lessing expressed the thoughts to Enlighten and foster the national sprit and even to set up an integral national civilization; what"s more, he opposed the feudal separationist rule with his ideal of Kosmopolitismus. At that time, after succeeding and developing European humanist tradition, Lessing formed his religious philosophy and religious tolerance, with his rational opinion, he deepened the profundity of German Enlightenment. Furthermore, he created townspeople"s drama and advocated the realistic aesthetics. On the one hand, he praised their disposition and expressed their political desire and class interest, which made the townspeople as a new motive force to the German Enlightenment. In addition, Lessing"s Enlighten. thoughts greatly influenced the following movement—Sturm Und Drang. The essence of Lessing"s thoughts is our common valuable prosperity.In a word. Germany then greatly needed a person like Lessing, and Lessing was the child of German Enlightenment.

面对法国文化长期统治德国文化界的现状，莱辛勇敢地站出来反对&法国化&倾向，对德意志全社会进行民族启蒙，通过戏剧理论及作品，表达了建立统一的民族文化、培植德意志民族精神的思想，同时他提倡世界主义，并用它来为民族主义服务，以反对当时德国的分裂割据；他的宗教哲学思想及宗教宽容精神继承和发扬了西欧的人文主义传统，反映了莱辛的理性观，也针砭了当时德国的时弊，是他对德国启蒙运动进行的有益的探索，拓宽了德国启蒙运动的深度；莱辛在实践中创作了市民剧，他的市民主义和现实主义美学思想弘扬了市民阶级的性格，表达了他们的政治愿望和阶级利益，为德国启蒙运动增加了新的动力，是莱辛所作的杰出贡献之一；莱辛的启蒙思想对后世特别是狂飙突进运动有着重大的影响，他的思想中的精华部分是人类的共同财富。

As a part of enlightening culture, the enlightening literature is definitely a window that publicizes the logos spirit, however, literature is different from philosophy, literature is the artistic transexpression of the Zeitgeist, but not the direct expression of the rational principles, in the eighteenth century the thought of natural logos brought the production of the free humanity of literature, Faust pursues and explores forward constantly, which stands for the permanent"human"spirit, it means the human's release and rein on the atman, it is the natural situation after breaking the fetters, and it is the revertion of the human natural inbeing; Naive man is the unit that has not been touched by"civilization", it is the origianl nature of human beings, during the conflict and collision of these two different cultures--"nature"and"civilization", it holds the independent free spirit homestead; emotion is natural, when the society made it institutionalized, it is catabolized, Lockersha Na heard the voice of heart under the system of plural marriage, she released the human natural emotion, reverted the natural humanity; under the"civilization", individuality is deprived,"civilization"becomes the contrary of civilization, Rameau's nephew championed the individual existence and freedom in the period of losing"self", it stands for the"self"shaping in the independent pose.

启蒙文学作为启蒙文化的一部分，它自然是张扬自然理性精神的一个窗口，然而，文学又不同于哲学，文学是对时代精神作艺术化的转达，而不是理性原则的直接的传声筒，十八世纪自然理性的思想养料孕育的是文学中自由人性的灿烂之花，浮士德不断地向上求索，代表着永不息止的&人&的精神，&人&的精神是人对于自我本体的一种释放与驾驭，是挣脱枷锁之后的自由状态，是对人之自然本性的还原；天真汉是未曾受过&文明&浸染的个体，代表人类之原本的自然天性，在&自然&与&文明&两种异质文化的冲突与碰撞中，维系着个体独立自由的精神家园；情感本属自然的，在社会将其制度化的同时，也将其异化了，洛克莎娜在一夫多妻制下，聆听的是个体心底之声，释放人之自然感情，复原自然之人性；&文明&下，个体性被剥夺，&文明&已堕入文明的对立面，拉摩的侄儿在&我&丧失的时代，捍卫了个体自我的在场性与自由性，代表了以独立个体之姿存在的&我&。

To be brief, the English romanticism on the one hand further pushes ahead the project of modernity in the artistic or aesthetic field, but on the other hand it also launches a vehement aesthetic critique of modernity, thus resulting in the birth of aesthetic modernity; the Chinese romantic movement represented by the Creation Society is characterized by a different Janus'face: like English romanticism, it is a significant artistic articulation of the principle of subjectivity (which is the kernel of modernity) in its initial stage, yet influenced by the interaction of individual enlightenment and the national salvation, a pair of conflicting themes typical of China's modernity project, the Creation Society gradually turns to the left and consequently not only radically politicizes its romantic spirit but also ironically suppresses the search of modernity.

简言之，英国浪漫主义思潮一方面在艺术和审美领域内进一步推进了现代性工程，而另一方面又反戈一击，对现代性工程进行了猛烈的审美批判，从而催生了现代性之另一对立性形态——审美现代性的最早萌芽，并因此而造成了现代性的分裂；以创造社为代表性个案的五四新文学中的浪漫主义思潮在中国的现代性语境下则又呈现出另一种两面性：一方面，创造社的初期也象英国浪漫派一样，通过在艺术和审美领域内竭力弘扬现代性的主体性原则，从而积极地推进了新文化运动所致力构建的现代性工程，但另一方面，个体启蒙和民族救亡两大中国现代性主题的纠结使得创造社在后期逐渐将其前期的启蒙浪漫主义进行了民族主义化和意识形态化，从而放弃了对现代性作更深入的追求。本文在结构上总共分为八章三部分。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。