吞噬作用

The results show that: This tablet can decrease the rat"s footpad swell induced by Freud"s, inhibit the permeability of the blood capillary in inflammatory joint and decrease the 11-2 level in serum while increasing the rat"s body weight,(2) It can lower the rat"s temperature and the permeability of the blood capillary in inflammatory joint induced by collagen and inhibit the delayed type hypersensitivity,It can lower the stickiness of full blood and the accumulation of erythrocyte obviously inblood stasis model rats,lt can inhibit the formation of hemolysin and decrease the index of carbon granule clearance in mice, It can lower the permeability of celiac blood capillary and inhibit the granulomatous hyperplasia by sc cotton ,It can inhibit the pain induced by acetic acid and raise the pain threshold value of heat stimulation.

结果表明：关络通片能明显降低佐剂性关节炎大鼠左右足趾肿胀度，降低大鼠炎症关节的通透性，抑制其IL-2含量，对大鼠体重增长缓慢有一定的改善作用；能改善Ⅱ型胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠的表征指标及炎症关节的通透性，对其迟发型超敏反应有一定的抑制作用；对血瘀模型大鼠，能显著性降低其全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积；能抑制小鼠的溶血素抗体生成，抑制小鼠网状内皮系统的吞噬能力，具有一定的抑制机体免疫功能的作用，能抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高，抑制大鼠棉球肉芽组织增生，具有一定的抗炎作用；能抑制小鼠醋酸扭体反应、提高小鼠热板痛阈值，具有一定的镇痛作用。

The 4D microscopic analysis revealed that cnx-1 and crt-1 mutations prolong cell-corpse duration time but do not affect the timewhen cells exhibit the death phenotype. This suggests that cnx-1 and crt-1 act in engulfment rather than in execution of apoptosis.

由於在细胞尸体的吞噬机制上，先前已有两条被确认的路径，分别为ced-1， 6， 7 和 ced-2， 5， 10；为了厘清cnx-1和crt-1所作用的路径为何，我们将此两基因分别和ced-1及ced-5两基因做双重突变并分析这些双重突变品系虫体在L1幼虫时期残留的未被吞噬之细胞尸体数量。

Results: 1 The capacity of engulfment of A549 cells started enhancing at the 1h of preincubation with dexamethasone, reached the highest at the 4h of preincubation,At the 8h、24h of preincubation the capacity of engulfment evidently reduced. 2 Glucocorticoid cytosolic receptors antagonist RU38486 inhibited the improved engulfment ability by dexamethasone. 3Phagocytosing apoptotic eosinophils did not change the release of IL-6 and IL-8,but can inhibited the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from A549 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. 4Increasely uptaking by dexamethasone also did not agitate the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from A549 cells. Conclusion: 1Dexamethasome improve the phagocyte capacity for apoptotic eosinophils of A549 cells by glucocorticoid cytosolic receptors, and the effect presents time-dependently. 2Phagocytosis of apoptotic eosinphils can degrade inflammatory reflection, so it is likely to be critical in the control of asthma inflammation.

结果： 1 A549细胞在地塞米松诱导后1小时吞噬能力开始升高，4小时吞噬能力达最高峰，8小时、24小时吞噬能力明显下降 2加入RU38486后抑制了地塞米松所增强的吞噬能力 3凋亡嗜酸粒细胞的吞噬并不能改变A549细胞释放IL-6和IL-8，但能抑制脂多糖刺激A549细胞后IL-6、IL-8的分泌 4地塞米松增加的吞噬也不激发A549细胞释放IL-6和IL-8 结论： 1地塞米松促进A549细胞吞噬凋亡的嗜酸粒细胞是通过A549细胞糖皮质激素胞浆受体发挥作用的，并且具有时间依赖性 2 A549细胞吞噬凋亡的嗜酸粒细胞能降低炎症反应，对哮喘炎症的控制具有重要意义

Phagocytosis took an important role in the immune protection. Phagocytosis was not related with serum titre in body.

实验证明这两种抗原具有刺激机体产生免疫保护的作用，吞噬能力的增强是免疫保护的一个因素，吞噬能力不依赖于抗体产生的水平。

DCs acquired by our reformed methods express both CD83 and CD 14 molecules highly, and have a higher density than other domestic reports. The higher TNF in DCs culture medium of HC patient suggests DCs in patient still have antigen presenting ability and by optimization the culture medium would improve its presenting ability and have a potential value in design and application individual vaccine. Although antigens pulsed DCs have a decrescent antigen presenting ability but BCG HSP70 could induce its mature and improve its presenting ability. Suggests BCG HSP70 would be a useful mature inducer. Lymphocytes primed by DCs based HC vaccine have the specific cytotoxicity against HCC lines. The CTL after freezing and anabiotic could prophylaxis and therapy HC xenograft on nude mouse. The results also suggests that CD4〓 lymphocytes play a important role in HC with a good differentiation and would be useful in treatment this kind of HC. After being activated by Peptide LLNQHACAV of hAFP and apoptotic HCCs pulsed DCs respectively, the culture medium of activated lymphocytes both contains a high level Th1 cytokines IL-12 and TNF. Primed lymphocytes appeared a characteristic of NK cells. DCs not only inhibited the growth of human HCC and other cancer cells in vitro but also prevented the growth of HC xenograft on nude mouse in vivo. There are at least three kinds of mechanism playing important role in DC based vaccine ,there are inhibition of DCs, HC specific CTL and cytokines pathway.

诱导出的DC共同表达CD83和CD14分子，CD83分子表达明显高于国内报道；肝癌患者DC培养上清中TNF水平高于健康人，提示肝癌患者DC仍具一定的抗原呈递能力，适当调控可使其行使APC功能，以期在肝癌个体化疫苗中发挥作用；DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后，抗原呈递能力降低，BCG HSP70可促进DC成熟，增加其抗原呈递能力，预示BCG HSP70有可能成为促进DC活化和成熟的另一重要分子；肝癌DC疫苗在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化的淋巴细胞在体外对肝癌细胞的杀伤以特异性CTL为主，同时分泌较高水平Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并抑制4种肝癌细胞生长；冷冻复苏后的肝癌特异性淋巴细胞可以预防和抑制人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤，提示DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后诱发的MHC-Ⅱ类限制性CD4〓T细胞有可能在分化程度高的肝癌治疗中发挥作用；用DC和HLA-A2〓DC分别负载凋亡肝癌细胞和hAFP218-226位LLNQHACAV HLA-A2限制性九肽，在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化后的CTL细胞分泌较高水平的Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并具较强杀伤活性，此CTL同时具备NK细胞特征；DC对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用可能是通过吞噬实现的，Fas-L在DC抑制中也起一定作用；DC对人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制率为97％；在肝癌DC疫苗的作用中，至少联合3种以上机制，即通过DC的直接作用、肝癌特异性CTL和细胞因子途径直接或间接地杀伤和抑制肝癌细胞。

Results: Tyroserleutide can significantly increase the life span of H22 tumor-bearing mice by 50-70% in dosages of 20ug/kg/d-80ug/kg/d,specially the high dosage of 80ug/ml can significantly increase the life span by 69.24%; Tyroserleutide can inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatocellular tumor BEL-7402 in nude mice,the rate of tumor inhibition was25-50% in dosages of 40-320ug/ml ,the inhibition rate of 160ng/ml was 44.03%; Tyroserleutide could inhibit the growth of H22 and BEL-7402 tumor in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, tumoricidal activity of tyroserleutide against BEL-7402 cell line in vitro was observed hinger when compared with the control group(P.05).The inhibition effect of 72hrs was higher than 24hrs,48hrs,96hrs.And specially the high dosage of 160ug/ml can significantly inhibit growth of tumor cell by 19.36%. Tyroserleutide can activated PEM and marked enhance cytotoxicity andphagocytosis functions in vitro and in vivo. The OD values of cytotoxicity were observed hinger when compared with the control group(P.05).The cytotoxicity of macrophages activated by tyroserleutide against BEL-7402 and B16-F10 was 35.58%,61.2% in vitro and21.39%,47.63% in vivo. The cytotoxicity rate of nude mice PEM was 32.86%,73.07% in vivo. Furthermore, tyroserleutide alone could stimulated the production of IL-1B TNF- a and NO by M . Tyroserleutide and LPS could synergistically activated M producing more cytotoxicity effectors. Conclusion: Tyroserleutide had inhibition functions against hepatoma carcinoma .Its possible mechanisms were related to the affect that Tyroserleutide could inhibit tumor cell directively and induce tumor cells apoptosis or death effectively.

结果：酪丝亮肽能显著延长腹水型肝癌H_(22)小鼠的生存时间，给药剂量为80μg／kg／d时疗效最显著，达到69.24％，在20μg／kg／d-80μg／kg／d剂量范围内生命延长率为50-70％，给药剂量与荷瘤鼠生存时间呈现一定量效关系；酪丝亮肽能显著抑制人肝癌BEL-7402移植瘤裸鼠的肿瘤生长，给药剂量为160μg／kg／d时疗效最显著，抑制率为44.03％，并且在40-320μg／kg／d剂量范围内抑制率为25-50％，给药剂量与肿瘤抑制率呈现一定量效关系；酪丝亮肽体外对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞生长有一定的抑制作用，在作用72hrs时各浓度酪丝亮肽对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用较24hrs、48hrs、96hrs明显，其中浓度为100μg／ml时抑制率达19.36％；酪丝亮肽体内外均能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤：体外作用中巨噬细胞对BEL-7402、B16-F10的杀伤功能明显增强，与效应细胞对照组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05)杀伤率分别达到35.58％、61.2％；体内作用中巨噬细胞对BEL-7402、B16-F10的杀伤功能明显增强，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P 。05)，杀伤率分别达到21.39%、47.63%；裸鼠腹腔巨噬细胞经酪丝亮肤作用后对BEL一7402、B 16一F10杀伤功能明显增强，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)，最高杀伤率分别达到32.86%、73.07%；酪丝亮肤能增强单核巨噬细胞系统的吞噬功能，吞噬指数与生理盐水组比较有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤体外作用能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌合成细胞毒效应分子IL一lp、TNF一Q和NO，与效应细胞对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤体内作用能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌合成细胞毒效应分子IL一lp、TNF一Q和NO，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤能促进鼠巨噬细胞株R戌W264.7分泌合成IL一1p和NO，IL一1日、NO水平分别在酪丝亮肤作用24hrs、12hrs时达到高峰，酪丝亮肤单独应用能提高巨噬细胞的分泌合成功能，而且酪丝亮肤能与LPS协同作用刺激巨噬细胞的细胞毒效应分子分泌合成。

In macrophages, Legionella destructed the transmission of small bubble, prevented phagosome-lysosome fusion, prevented the meaning of the sterilization of endosome and lysosome, established its own unique copy of the body and swallowed up full of host cells, finally leaded to the host cell death.

在巨噬细胞内，军团菌破坏小泡传输，产生空泡，阻止吞噬体-溶酶体融合，阻止内涵体和溶酶体的杀菌作用，建立其独占的复制型吞噬体，以二***复制，产生大量的吞噬体，布满宿主细胞，导致宿主细胞死亡。

D. It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption.

它通过吞噬作用或吸收吞没了有机物 E。

Specific IgY enhanced the phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes isolated from cow blood and milk with an optimal concentration of 1 mg/mL.The phagocytic percents of PMN in blood to S.aureus increased from 60.2%to 90.5%with IgY opsonizing,that of PMN in milk increased from 52.95%to 82.45%.The phagocytosis of PMN and macrophages in milk to S.aureus and E.coli were both enhanced by specific IgY.

该浓度IgY使外周血PMN吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率由60.2%升高到90.5%，乳中PMN吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率由52.95%升高到82.45%；乳中PMN和Mφ吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率分别提高29.5%和27.66%，吞噬大肠杆菌的吞噬率分别提高26.5%和26.36%，IgY对两种细胞的吞噬促进作用差异不明显(p＞0.05)。

These data indicate that coelomocytes are capable of producing and releasing NO and that NO is a chemical mediator that has been consered as a host defense weapon of phagocytes through eolutionary time.

这些数据显示体腔细胞具有产生和释放NO的能力，并且NO是一个在以吞噬作用为主体防御武器而在进化过程保留下来的化学中介。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。