吞噬

When cells undergo programmed cell death, cell corpses adopt a refractile and disc like structure. Using this morphological change as a cell death marker, we analyzed the death of the first 13 cells in the AB cell lineage of wild type and cnx-1; crt-1 mutant embryos.

进一步以4D摄影分析线虫AB世系细胞中最早死亡的13颗细胞之相对死亡时间和细胞尸体持续的时间长短的结果则显示，此死亡细胞数量提高的现象应是源於吞噬步骤发生问题而非细胞死亡执行上的问题。

Fig 4 Few of rough endoplasmic reticula, mitochondrid and co llagen can be seen in the cytoplasm of fibroblast, the ribosome of rER is degran ulated, the nucleous is abnormal, there are a lot of granule (maybe the antisens e oligodeoxynucleotide) in the cytoplasm TEM×5200

图4反义核酸组的瘢痕成纤维细胞粗面内质网较少、有脱颗粒现象，线粒体少，胞核畸形，胞内有吞噬颗粒，细胞周围胶原纤维较少TEM×5200

Electronic microscopic observations showed that the swollen mitochondria with cristae blurred appeared in some pyramidal cells. Some pyramidal cells showed degenerative changes with some disappeared endoplastic reticula and ribose nuclear protein and increased lysosomes. The amount of extends endothelial projections going to the lumen of capillaries were increased.

同时伴有超微结构的改变，如神经细胞线粒体肿胀，内质网扩张，染色质凝集成块状，毛细血管外间隙扩大，髓鞘变性坏死，微管排列紊乱，小胶质细胞有吞噬变性坏死的神经纤维成分等。

Inhibition of PKCdelta by rottlerin or knockdown of TG2 protein by a TG2-specific siRNA resulted in a marked increase in autophagy shown by presence of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm, formation of the acidic vesicular organelles, membrane association of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) with autophagosomes, and a marked induction of LC3-II protein, important hallmarks of autophagy, and by electron microscopy.

抑制PKCdelta的rottlerin或击倒的TG2蛋白质的TG2特定的siRNA导致显着增加，表明自噬存在自泡在细胞质，形成酸性囊泡细胞，膜协会微管相关蛋白1轻链3（ LC3 ）与autophagosomes ，并显着诱导LC3 -Ⅱ蛋白的重要标志吞噬，并通过电子显微镜。

Key words mice macrophage;saccharomycete;swallows the saccharomycetes experimental improvement method

小鼠巨噬细胞；酵母菌；吞噬酵母菌实验改良法

Objective Discusses one kind of simple macrophage to swallow the saccharomycetes method.

目的 探索一种简便易行的小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬酵母菌实验的改良法。

Objective Discusses one kind of simple macrophage to swallow the saccharomycetes method.

作者：孙明洁，高燕，赵冬，王珂，靖学芳目的探讨一种简便易行的小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬酵母菌实验的改良法。

objective discusses one kind of simple macrophage to swallow the saccharomycetes method.

核心提示：作者：孙明洁，高燕，赵冬，王珂，靖学芳目的探讨一种简便易行的小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬酵母菌实验的改良法。

Nanoparticles as drug carriers can solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs in their inner core, avoid being quickly taken up by the reticuloendothelial system and prolong circulation time in the blood.

纳米粒子作为药物释放载体可避免被网状内皮系统快速吞噬，延长在血液里的循环时间。

Viral vector mainly contain adenovirus, retrovirus,adeno-associated virus and so on, but it has potential danger of safety; it isrepeled by immune system when it is injected to organism for a greatimmunogenicity. An injection with adenovirus vector with highconcentration, it leads to serious inflammatory reaction of liver. Viralvector such as liposome and polycation are commonly used lately. But,liposome and polycation have low specificness and targetness of genetransfer tissue, have lower transfection efficiency and short period ofgene expression, for they can be phagocytized by endothelial system.

许多的载体，病毒载体和非病毒载体以前已广泛应用，病毒载体主要包括腺病毒，逆转录病毒，腺相关病毒等；但病毒载体在安全性方面存在潜在的危险；免疫原性比较强，注射到机体后很快会被机体的免疫系统排斥，当静脉注射高浓度的腺病毒载体会使肝脏发生严重的炎症反应；非病毒载体目前常用的有脂质体及多聚阳离子聚合物；但脂质体和阳离子聚合物介导基因转移缺乏组织的特异性和靶向性，转染效率较低且易被网状内皮系统吞噬，基因表达时间短；因此研制新型的非病毒载体已成为研究的热点，纳米颗粒具有小尺寸效应，表面效应，随着颗粒直径变小，比表面积将会显著增大，故具有很高的化学活性，因而纳米成为了最有应用前景的非病毒载体。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。