君士坦丁

As the currency gradually became established, after Constantine's reforms, the annona too was under certain conditions commuted into a money-payment, and this practice gradually became more frequent.

君士坦丁改革后，随着币制的逐步建立，谷物税也在一定程度内用货币完纳，这种做法逐渐变得普遍。

The ground-tax proper, or tribute, which was a trifle compared with the annona, seems to have been always paid in money, p49 except in Africa and Egypt, which were the granaries of Rome and Constantinople.

与谷物税相比，地产税只是零头。除在阿非利加与埃及——罗马和君士坦丁堡的谷仓外，地产税都用货币支付。

His real sympathies were with the Anomoeans (see Tillemont, Mémoires, vi., 423, and compare his profane speech recorded by Socrates, HE, ii., 43): but, as a bishop of Constantinople, he felt it necessary to discourage them, and to abide by the vague formula invented by Acacius of Csarea, which described the Son as "like to the Father," without saying whether this likeness was supposed to be more than moral (cf. Newman, Arians, p. 317), so that the practical effect of this "homoion" was to prepare the way for that very Anomoeanism which its maintainers were ready for political purposes to disown.

其真正的同情人与anomoeans （见蒂耶蒙，为本，六， 423人，并比较其亵渎讲话记录的苏格拉底，他在二， 43 ）：但是，作为一个教区主教君士坦丁堡，他觉得有必要，以阻止他们，并遵守由模糊公式发明acacius的csarea ，其中介绍了儿子的&想爸爸，&没有说，这是否似的本来是要多於道德（参见纽曼， arians ，页317 ）所以说，实际的效果这个& homoion &，是准备方式很anomoeanism其维护人员随时准备为政治目的，以不承认。

But then Nestorius resisted the judgment of the Church, whereas Theodore died in Catholic communion, and was the friend of saints, including that crowning glory of the Antiochene school, St. John Chrysostom, whose greatest sermons were preached at Antioch, before he became Bishop of Constantinople.

但后来nestorius抗拒的判断，教会，而西奥多死于天主教共融，是朋友的圣人，包括至高无上的荣耀的安提阿学派学校，圣约翰金口，其最大的说教者鼓吹在安提前，他成为主教对君士坦丁堡。

The latinizing tendency of Syria was so well known that in 1722 a synod was held at Constantinople which drew up and sent to the Antiochene bishops a warning letter with a list of Latin heresies in Assemani, Bibl.

该latinizing趋势叙利亚是如此众所周知，在1722年1主教举行了君士坦丁堡其中，制定和发送到安提阿学派主教警告信，一份清单拉丁语异端邪说（ assemani ， bibl 。

The Council of Constantinople in 381 which principally condemned Apollinarianism.

安理会的君士坦丁堡在381人，其中主要是谴责亚波里拿留主义。

The patriarch of Constantinople, however, also exercises jurisdiction over Greek - speaking churches outside Greece and controls, for example, the Greek archdiocese of America, which is distinct from the Orthodox church in America, listed among the autocephalous churches.

老人家君士坦丁堡，不过，也行使管辖权希腊-在谈到教会以外的希腊和控制，例如，希腊大主教美国，这是有别于东正教教会在美国，上市之间的a utocephalous教堂。

As heirs of Constantine, Byzantine emperors dominated the administration of church and state in the style still known as caesaropapism.

作为继承人君士坦丁，拜占庭皇帝统治的管理教会和国家的风格仍然被称为caesaropapism 。

Emperors convoked councils, after the example of Constantine I and the Nicene Council, and pronounced on theological matters, providing some weak basis for speaking of "caesaropapism" in the Byzantine age. In this period three distinctive emphases of Orthodoxy emerged: theology as apophacticism, knowledge as illumination, and salvation as deification.

皇帝召集议会，后为例，君士坦丁，我和尼西亚会，并突出对神学的事项，提供一些薄弱的基础上的发言，&政教合一&，在拜占庭时代，在此期间，三个明显的重点正统出现了：神学作为apophacticism ，知识作为照明，和救赎作为神化。

The Constantinian settlement continued to see Christianity as the legitimate heir of Judaism, but its mingling of ecclesiastical and spiritual authority led both to persecution of Jews and to substantial disillusionment when Rome, perceived as the successor of Jerusalem, was ransacked by barbarians.

在君士坦丁解决方案（ 4世纪初）继续看到基督教的合法继承犹太教，但其混合教会和精神权威领导既迫害的犹太人和大量的幻灭时，罗马，被视为继承耶路撒冷，被洗劫的野蛮人。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。