君主国

From 1349 Mistra was ruled by a succession of despots, who were usually younger relatives of the emperor in Constantinople; the Despotate was thus what is called an "apanage".

从1349年密斯特拉开始就被一连串的君主们所统治，通常是君士坦丁堡城内皇帝的年轻亲属们（经常是他们的王位继承者）：因此摩里亚君主国也就是所谓的"属地"。

In 1867 the so-called "Compromise" created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, dismembered after the first World War

1867年，根据所谓"协约"建立了奥地利--匈牙利二元君主国，第一次世界大战后解体。

The Prince Bo o k 12 Ho w Ma n y Kin d s o f Milit a ry T e re Are h a n d C o n c e rn in g Me rc e n a ry So ld ie rs Having discoursed in particular on all the qualities of those principalities which at the beginning I proposed to reason about, having considered in some part the causes of their well-being and ill-being, and having shown the modes in which many have sought to acquire and hold them, it remains for me now to discourse generally on the offense and defense befitting each of those named.

第十二章 Book 12 第十二章军队的类型及雇佣兵在该书开端处我提出要对君主国的性质做一论述，现在业已以详尽的笔触阐述完了，而且还从某些方面讲到了导致了君主国兴衰的原因，并展示了许多君主夺取王权和巩固江山所采取的手段，现在剩下来该做的就是概括地论述以上提及的君主国攻伐和防御的事务了。

Let us therefore consider a master of a family with all these subordinate relations of wife, children, servants, and slaves, united under the domestic rule of a family; which, what resemblance soever it may have in its order, offices, and number too, with a little common-wealth, yet is very far from it, both in its constitution, power and end: or if it must be thought a monarchy, and the paterfamilias the absolute monarch in it, absolute monarchy will have but a very shattered and short power, when it is plain, by what has been said before, that the master of the family has a very distinct and differently limited power, both as to time and extent, over those several persons that are in it; for excepting the slave (and the family is as much a family, and his power as paterfamilias as great, whether there be any slaves in his family or no) he has no legislative power of life and death over any of them, and none too but what a mistress of a family may have as well as he.

所以，让我们在家庭规则之下来考虑家庭的主人与所有妻子，孩子，仆人和奴隶的从属关系；家庭，无论在它的秩序，各种职务以及人数方面多么的类似于一个小国家，然而在它的构造，权力和目的方面与国家是相去甚远的：或者如果一定要把它想成一个君主国，家长是绝对君主的话，这个绝对君主国也仅仅拥有零碎和短暂的权力，因为根据前面的论述，很明显：家庭主人对其余人的有限权力，无论在时间上还是在范围上与君主的权力都是截然不同的；因为除了奴隶，他没有对任何人的生命和死亡拥有立法的权力，女主人也同样没有。

But you must note that the state of the Soldan is unlike all other principalities, for the reason that it is like the Christian pontificate, which cannot be called either an hereditary or a newly formed principality; because the sons of the old prince are not the heirs, but he who is elected to that position by those who have authority, and the sons remain only noblemen.

但是必须注意：苏丹国家同其他一切君主国都不相似。它类似天主教的教皇制，既不能称作世袭君主国，亦不能称作新的君主国；因为以前的君主的子孙并不是作为他的继承人，依继承权统治的，王位继承人是由享有特权的人们选举出来的人。

L say, then, that in hereditary states accustomed to the blood line of their prince the difficulties in maintaining them are much less than in new states because it is enough only not to depart from the order of his ancestors, and then to temporize in the face of unforeseen events .

依我看，由一脉相承的王朝统治的世袭君主国，治理起来要比新生的君主国容易得多，因为世袭君王只要不偏离祖宗定下的规矩就够了，而且在面对意外事件时要做到顺时应势。

The Prince Bo o k 3 O f Mixe d Prin c ip a litie s But the difficulties reside in the new principality.

第三章 Book 3 第三章论混合的君主国在新生君主国里，有着重重的困难。

Principalities are either hereditary, in which the family has been long established; or they are new.

君主国不是世袭的就是新的。在世袭君主国里，长期以来君主的后裔就是那里的君主。

In doing so I will keep to the order indicated above, and discuss how such principalities are to be ruled and preserved.

我打算单独地转到君主国这方面来，并且按照前述的顺序，探讨这些君主国应该怎样进行统治和维持下去。

The new are either entirely new, as was Milan to Francesco Sforza, or they are, as it were, members annexed to the hereditary state of the prince who has acquired them, as was the kingdom of Naples to that of the King of Spain.

新的君主国或者是全新的，如弗朗切斯科·斯福尔扎的米兰公国；或者是世袭君主国占领的附庸，如西班牙王合并的那波利王国。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。