君主专制

But its course of national development has been an arduous one. in particular in the 160 years and more since the opium war in 1840, the chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of the chinese nation.

特别是从1840年鸦片战争以来的160多年间，中国人民为摆脱积贫积弱的境遇，实现民族复兴，前仆后继，顽强斗争，使中华民族的命运发生了深刻变化。95年前，中国人民通过辛亥革命推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，为中国的进步打开了闸门。57年前，中国人民经过长期浴血奋斗实现了民族独立和人民解放，建立了人民当家作主的新中国。28年前，中国人民开始了改革开放和现代化建设的伟大历史进程，经过艰苦创业取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就，从1978年到2005年，中国国内生产总值从1473亿美元增长到22257亿美元，进出口总额从206亿美元增长到14221亿美元，国家外汇储备从1.67亿美元增加到8189亿美元，农村贫困人口由2.5亿人减少到2300多万人。

In particular in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840,the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselvesof poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundlychanging the destiny of the Chinese nation. Ninety-five years ago, the Chinesepeople launched the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal autocracywhich had ruled China forseveral thousand years and opened the door to China 's progress.

特别是从1840年鸦片战争以来的160多年间，中国人民为摆脱积贫积弱的境遇，实现民族复兴，前仆后继，顽强斗争，使中华民族的命运发生了深刻变化。95年前，中国人民通过辛亥革命推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，为中国的进步打开了闸门。

Atheism leaves a man to sense, to philosophy, to natural piety, to laws, to reputation; all which may be guides to an outward moral virtue, though religion were not; but superstition dismounts all these, and erecteth an absolute monarchy in the minds of men.

无神论把人类交给理性，交给哲学，交给天然的虔诚，交给法律，交给声誉；所有这些东西，虽没有宗教的存在，也可以引导人即使有一种外表上的道德；但是迷信却拆散这一切，而在人的心里树立一种绝对的君主专制。

Being oppressed by the imperialists, the Chinese people launched resistance movements one after another, such as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898, and the Yihetuan Movement, all intending to save the country. The greatest of all these was the Revolution of 1911 led by Dr. Sun Yatsen, which brought to an end the 2 000-year-old autocratic, feudalist monarchy and established the republic of China (1912-1949). The May 4th Movement of 1919 laid the groundwork for the establishment of the Communist Party of China, which was founded in 1921, thus epitomizing a new phase of revolutionary development in China.

鸦片战争后的100多年中，列强一次又一次发动对中国的侵略战争，使中国的主权与领土完整继续遭到破坏，使中国人民遭受殖民主义者的欺辱；同时，中国也涌现出许许多多的抵抗侵略、挽救国家危亡的可歌可泣的事迹，如太平天国运动、戊戌变法、义和团等，特别是1911年孙中山领导的辛亥革命，推翻了中国两千多年的封建君主专制制度，建立了中华民国；1919年的&五四&运动，为中国共产党的诞生奠定了基础；1921年，中国共产党成立，中国革命出现了新局面。

From the interaction between economic foundation and superstructure, the socio-economical mechanizing pulse and the stability or c...

在经济基础与上层建筑互动的视角下观察，晚明时代的社会经济商品化动向与君主专制政治体制的稳固或强化呈现为一种不和谐的现象。

From the interaction between economic foundation and superstructure, the socio-economical mechanizing pulse and the stability or consolidation of the emperor despotism unfold an imbalanced phenomenon during the late Ming Dynasty. How does the 'unbalanced situation' become possible?

在经济基础与上层建筑互动的视角下观察，晚明时代的社会经济商品化动向与君主专制政治体制的稳固或强化呈现为一种不和谐的现象。

He is a republican and hates monarchies.

他是共和主义者，很讨厌君主专制。

Furthermore, it was pointed out that the flunkeyism subsistence among the personalities in Shui Hu is not a partial instance but a common reflection of our national characteristic mentality under the pressure of feudalism monarch a...

并进而指出，&水浒人物&这一特定的人物群体身上所体现出的这种奴性生存意识，并不仅仅是某一部分人的心态，而是几千年封建君主专制制度压迫和奴役下的国人普遍的民族性格心理的反映。

The reason included five aspects:①the effect of physical environment: the open geographical environment and barren soil urge the Greeks to look for development outward while the close geographical environment and advantaged condition for agriculture shaped the Chinese conservative thought and obstructed their steps of going out.②the advancing and blocking of the economic: the frequent trade offered an abundant living supply and open view while the self-sufficient agriculture with restraining trade rigidified the thought.③ the difference in politic institute and situation: the democracy polis of ancient Greece is exclusive in the ancient world. It shaped the atmosphere of freedom, democracy and adversary. While the monarchy in ancient China pursued the "united country" and shaped the atmosphere serving for politic and consolidating thoughts.④the guiding of traditional culture: the Greeks pursued freedom and wisdom and were curious about nature while the Chinese adored ancestor and obeyed the authority and prefer to pragmatism.

出现这种关系的原因本文从以下五点进行分析：①自然环境的影响：古希腊开放的地理环境和贫瘠的土壤种植条件促使古希腊人向外寻求发展，而古代中国封闭的地理环境和优越的农业环境阻碍了中华民族外出的脚步和开放的思维；②经济条件的推动与束缚：工商业发展的农业经济和自给自足的小农经济所创造的物质条件和对思维影响的差别是很大的；③政治制度和政治形势的差异：古希腊民主城邦制在古代世界是独树一帜的，它所营造的自由、民主的氛围和古代中国追求&大一统&的君主专制下为政治服务、思想趋向统一的氛围截然不同；④传统文化的引导：古希腊人在长期的城邦生活和参与海外贸易的生活中形成的开放、自由、对自然充满好奇、追求智慧等民族文化传统与中国保守崇古、讲究实用的文化传统形成了鲜明的对比；⑤思想家本身(来源：A58BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)目的不同：古希腊思想家为了变得智慧而获取知识，享受知识带来的乐趣，而古代中国思想家的一切动机都是为了&成化天下&、&以政裕民&服务。

The reason included five aspects:①the effect of physical environment: the open geographical environment and barren soil urge the Greeks to look for development outward while the close geographical environment and advantaged condition for agriculture shaped the Chinese conservative thought and obstructed their steps of going out.②the advancing and blocking of the economic: the frequent trade offered an abundant living supply and open view while the self-sufficient agriculture with restraining trade rigidified the thought.③ the difference in politic institute and situation: the democracy polis of ancient Greece is exclusive in the ancient world. It shaped the atmosphere of freedom, democracy and adversary. While the monarchy in ancient China pursued the "united country" and shaped the atmosphere serving for politic and consolidating thoughts.④the guiding of traditional culture: the Greeks pursued freedom and wisdom and were curious about nature while the Chinese adored ancestor and obeyed the authority and prefer to pragmatism.

出现这种关系的原因本文从以下五点进行分析：①自然环境的影响：古希腊开放的地理环境和贫瘠的土壤种植条件促使古希腊人向外寻求发展，而古代中国封闭的地理环境和优越的农业环境阻碍了中华民族外出的脚步和开放的思维；②经济条件的推动与束缚：工商业发展的农业经济和自给自足的小农经济所创造的物质条件和对思维影响的差别是很大的；③政治制度和政治形势的差异：古希腊民主城邦制在古代世界是独树一帜的，它所营造的自由、民主的氛围和古代中国追求&大一统&的君主专制下为政治服务、思想趋向统一的氛围截然不同；④传统文化的引导：古希腊人在长期的城邦生活和参与海外贸易的生活中形成的开放、自由、对自然充满好奇、追求智慧等民族文化传统与中国保守崇古、讲究实用的文化传统形成了鲜明的对比；⑤思想家本身目的不同：古希腊思想家为了变得智慧而获取知识，享受知识带来的乐趣，而古代中国思想家的一切动机都是为了&成化天下&、&以政裕民&服务。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷